The different uses of wood result in a hierarchy of carbon and energy impacts that can be characterized by their efficiency in displacing carbon emissions and/or in displacing fossil energy imports, both being current national objectives. When waste wood is used for biofuels (forest or mill residuals and thinnings) fossil fuels and their emissions are reduced without significant land use change...

this research was conducted in the west forest of guilan, northern iran. data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. production cost has been investigated in this research. th...

Adhesion to Wood 9–1 Surface Properties of Wood Adherends 9–2 Extractives on Surfaces 9–3 Knifeand Abrasive-Planed Surfaces 9–3 Veneer Surfaces 9–4 Surfaces of Wood and Nonwood Composite Products 9–5 Physical Properties of Wood Adherends 9–6 Density and Porosity 9–6 Moisture Content and Dimensional Changes 9–7 Adhesives 9–9 Composition 9–9 Health and Safety 9–10 Strength and Durability 9–10 Adh...

This compendium provides extensions to the research first reported in the December 2005 Wood and Fiber Science Special Issue (WFS 2005) devoted to CORRIM’s Reports on Environmental Performance of Wood Building Materials. The Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) is a nonprofit research consortium made up of 15 research institutions dedicated to developing comprehens...

forest roads are directions in natural habitats that used to transport wood products, secondary forest products and recreation. constructing forest roads causes trees clearing with specified width thus lead to direct or indirect changes in forest ecosystems and forest environment. this study aims to assess the changes of diversity and richness indices in main and secondary forest roads in a par...

Mangrove ecosystems are one of the most valuable and productive coastal ecosystems and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. These services are of value to local, national, and international communities and include provisioning (fuel wood, timber, poles, posts, charcoal, and nonwood products—such as food, thatch, fodder, medicine, and fisheries), regulating (carbon sequestration, shorelin...