This paper uses two representative household budget surveys from the Kyrgyz Republic to analyze factors influencing participation and returns from different types of nonfarm activities in 2005 and 2006. Nonfarm activities are found to be most important for the poor, who are pushed out of agriculture due to limited and poor land resources. We also show that different nonfarm activities have diff...

Nonfarm activities play an important role in the determination of rural household income, consumption expenditure, and household food security. However, much less studies have been devoted to the factors that influence nonfarm income diversification by farm household in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data and a probit model, this study attempts to determine the factors influencing ...

nonfarm activities play an important role in the determination of rural household income, consumption expenditure, and household food security. however, much less studies have been devoted to the factors that influence nonfarm income diversification by farm household in developing countries. using cross-sectional data and a probit model, this study attempts to determine the factors influencing ...

Household diversification into nonfarm work activities is a major rural livelihood strategy in many developing economies. In this paper, we explore empirically if rural households in Uganda leverage their nonfarm earnings to overcome credit constraints and invest in high yielding maize seed varieties. We use a semiparametric estimator of binary outcomes that accommodates endogenous regressors s...

Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to “brain drain” from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counti...

The extent to which farm families engage in off-farm employment activities is a topic of central importance to understanding the financial well-being of farm households. The degree of financial stress experienced by U.S. farm families is always a concern to policy makers. Yet, policy considerations often ignore the substantial involvement of most farm households in nonfarm labor markets. It has...

This study uses the Propensity Score Matching to examine the income impact of different credit sources on accessed households in the Northern Mountains of Vietnam. Results show that overall rural credit serves an important role in improving household income with respect to total income, per capita income and nonfarm income. However, different credit affects recipients heterogeneously. Whereas a...

This paper uses income decomposition techniques to demonstrate the importance of livestock income in improving rural income distribution. It is based on three-year household panel data (1986 to 1989) from rural Pakistan. The paper first decomposes total income among five sources: agricultural, nonfarm, livestock, rental and transfer. This shows that livestock income is inequality-decreasing and...

This paper relaxes the single factor model of educational mobility and analyzes heterogeneous effects of family background on children’s education in rural China, with a focus on market reform and non-farm occupations. We use data on three generations in rural China spanning preand post-reform periods. Evidence from a battery of econometric approaches shows that the influence of family backgrou...