We present a new method for quantitative nondestructive characterization of objects by x-ray phase-contrast imaging. Spatial distributions of the projected values of the complex refractive index in the sample are reconstructed by processing near-field images collected at a fixed sample-to-detector distance using a polychromatic incident beam and an energy-sensitive area detector, such as a CCD ...

Measurements using the LR 115 solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) depend critically on the removed thickness of the active layer during etching, which cannot be controlled by the etching period alone. For example, the bulk etch rate depends significantly on the strength of stirring during etching. We propose here a fast, inexpensive and nondestructive method based on a color commercial d...

Hybrid CdZnTe and CdTe pixel detector arrays with 50 50 micron pixel sizes that convert x-rays directly into charge signals are under development at NOVA for applications to digital mammography. CdZnTe and CdTe have superior x-ray quantum efficiency compared to either emulsion-based film, phosphor-based detectors or other low-Z, solid-state detectors such as silicon. In this paper, latest resul...

We have developed ultralow-noise electronics in combination with repetitive, nondestructive readout of a thick, fully depleted charge-coupled device (CCD) to achieve an unprecedented noise level of 0.068  e^{-} rms/pixel. This is the first time that discrete subelectron readout noise has been achieved reproducible over millions of pixels on a stable, large-area detector. This enables the contem...

In HPLC, the detector is selected in accordance with the analyte. Many of the detectors used are based on optical absorbance, such as UV-Vis absorbance detectors and photodiode array (PDA) detectors. Absorbance detectors have the following features: The detector sensitivity and selectivity can be adjusted by setting an appropriate detector wavelength. The sensitivity is relatively high (althoug...

The majority of linear-optical nondestructive implementations of universal quantum gates are based on single-photon resolving detectors. We propose two implementations, which are nondestructive (i.e., destroying only ancilla states) and work with conventional detectors (i.e., those which do not resolve number of photons). Moreover, we analyze a recently proposed scheme of Wang et al. [J. Opt. S...

Introduction: Radiation imaging is one of the applicable methods in diagnostic medicine and nondestructive testing for industrial applications. In nondestructive 3D imaging, in addition to the radiation source, there is a requirement for a suitable detection system, data acquisition system, mechanical sections for moving objects, reconstruction algorithm and finally a computer for processing an...

Proper characterization of waste is important to reduce the costs of disposal. The requirement for short data collection time often means putting the detector as close to the waste container as possible. Nondestructive assay of gamma ray emitting nuclear waste requires modeling because preparing a standard to match the physical and radiological properties of any waste item is not possible. Seve...