Selected psychotropic drug standards have been chromatographed on RP18, CN and diol layers with a variety of aqueous and nonaqueous mobile phases. The effect of buffers at acidic or basic pH, acetic acid, ammonia and diethylamine (DEA) in aqueous mobile phases on retention, efficiency and peak symmetry was examined. Improved peak symmetry and separation selectivity for investigated compounds we...

The proteins and azoproteins of liver nuclei isolated in aque ous or nonaqueous medium from livers of rats fed the hepato carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 20 days were compared. The two types of nuclear preparation ap parently contained similar quantities of saline-soluble and-insoluble protein-bound azo dyes. in aqueous nuclei, the pro tein-bound dyes represent only 3% of tho...

Selected alkaloids are chromatographed on cyanopropyl-silica thin layers using various nonaqueous and aqueous eluents. Because of the strong retention of these basic compounds, nonaqueous eluents containing medium polar diluents, strongly polar modifiers, and silanol blockers (ammonia or diethylamine) are required for separation. Likewise, aqueous eluents containing modifiers (acetonitrile, met...

The activity of biocatalysts in nonaqueous solvents is related to the interaction of organic solvents with cells or enzymes. The behavior of proteins is strongly dependent on the protonation state of their ionizable groups, which ionization constants are greatly affected by the solvent. Due to the weak ionizing and dissociating powers of common organic solvents, the charge of the protein will c...

The conventional notion that enzymes are only active in aqueous media has long been discarded, thanks to the numerous studies documenting enzyme activities in nonaqueous media, including pure organic solvents and supercritical fluids. Enzymatic reactions in nonaqueous solvents offer new possibilities for producing useful chemicals (emulsifiers, surfactants, wax esters, chiral drug molecules, bi...