high-dose extended-interval dosage (hded) regimen of aminoglycosides is now considered as the standard dosage strategy in sepsis. although safety and efficacy of this dosing regimen is well studied, but new experiments show increased the risk of resistance development associated with %t>mic less than 60% of the dosing interval following extended interval dosing. moreover, limited information is...

High-dose extended-interval dosage (HDED) regimen of aminoglycosides is now considered as the standard dosage strategy in sepsis. Although safety and efficacy of this dosing regimen is well studied, but new experiments show increased the risk of resistance development associated with %T>MIC less than 60% of the dosing interval following extended interval dosing. Moreover, limited information is...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of toxic trough serum gentamicin levels in neonates in the first week of life, with different dosage intervals. METHODS This was a retrospective study of neonates born between 01.07.95 and 31.12.95, who received gentamicin. Data were collected on birth weight, gestation, gentamicin dose, the trough level of gentamicin, serum crea...

liberal thinkers believe that one of the main features of liberal public philosophy is the liberal state neutrality among competing attitudes of happiness. hence, one of the liberal ideals is that state refrains to determine the public goods and guiding people towards a particular virtue and so state remains neutral among opposition and competing views in this regard. by studying the books and ...

Measurements of aminoglycoside concentration in serum are used to individualise dosage regimens (dose per administration and/or administration interval) with the goal of attaining the desired therapeutic range as quickly as possible. Therapeutic range is defined in terms of peak concentration (to monitor effectiveness) and trough concentration (to avoid toxicity). This article focuses on method...

OBJECTIVE To compare the benefit and harm of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies to guide red blood cell transfusions. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Cochrane central register of controlled trials, SilverPlatter Medline (1950 to date), SilverPlatter Embase (1980 to date), and Science Citatio...

At the core of republican thought, on Philip Pettit’s account, lies the conception of freedom as non-domination as opposed to freedom as non-interference in the liberal sense. I revisit the distinction between liberal and republican freedom and argue that republican freedom incorporates a particular rule-oflaw requirement, whereas liberal freedom does not. Liberals may also endorse such a requi...