Little is still known about the microbiome resulting from the process of mummification of the human gut. In the present study, the gut microbiota, genes associated with metabolism, and putative resistome of Inca and Italian nobility mummies were characterized by using high-throughput sequencing. The Italian nobility mummies exhibited a higher bacterial diversity as compared to the Inca mummies ...

This fine volume of essays on the nobility in the later eighteenth century is a most welcome addition to the existing literature. It comprises eleven essays by American historians whose research engages with the concept of nobility. The collection issues from a conference in 2004 and reflects the cultural turn in historiography that has such sway, particularly in America. There is a stimulating...

At first glance, a comparison between Nietzsche and Aristotle may seem improbable. If Nietzsche is indeed a moral relativist, as is often suggested, why is Nietzsche concerned with the development of human character? There are explicit instances of Nietzsche assessing the positive and negative, beneficial and injurious, traits of human character. In “What is Noble” of Beyond Good and Evil, Niet...

Contrary to other scholarship on Strauss, this paper argues that Strauss understands himself as having decisively rejected Nietzschean thought. First, I hold notwithstanding the agreement between and Nietzsche critique of modern culture, defects liberal democracy, flaws in some kinds historicism, sees unable extricate from trap standards. Nietzsche's philosophy needs natural standards, but he d...

Something has ceased to come along with me. Something like a person: something very like one. And there was no nobility in it Or anything like that.

Since the eleventh century, the establishment of municipal in stitutions (Concelhos) in Portugal followed the process of creation of the country itself. Military reasons were present in this association because of the constant state of war with bordering Islam. The Concelhos helped to secure the conquests through the settlement of population. However we find this is only a partial description o...

In the early twentieth century, three provinces of the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire enacted national compromises in their legislation that had elements of non-territorial autonomy provisions. Czech and German politicians in Moravia reached an agreement in 1905. In the heavily mixed Bukovina, Romanian, Ukrainian, German, Jewish and Polish representatives agreed on a new provincial consti...

The title-poem in Sherrington’s The Assaying of Brabantius (1925) is a substantial piece taking up about three-sevenths of the volume. A third of the remaining poems ascertainably belong to the period of the First World War, but this visionary allegory with a quasi-mediaeval setting offers itself as a relatively early work. Its theme of the sinner redeemed by the innocent love for a boy (yet co...

Óscar Recio Morales 304pp. Dublin 2009. ISBN: 978-1-84682-183-7. €65.00 In the wake of the Irish-Spanish defeat at Kinsale (1602), through army careers and the concession of nobility titles, Spanish kings placed the Irish exiled lords and gentry in an advantageous position on a par with the nobility in the early modern Spanish world. Imposition of orthodox Catholicism within the Spanish realms ...