diffusion of nitrogen in plasma nitrided iron and structural evolution during the nitriding process were evaluated by several characterization techniques including optical microscopy (om), microhardness depth profiling (hdp), scanning electron microscopy (sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (gdoes), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (sims). plasma nitri...

biochar and activated carbon, as carbon-rich porous materials, have wide environmental applications. in the present research, rice husk (rh) was used for preparation of biochar at 400, 600, and 800 °c under simple pyrolysis, physically-activated carbon with water steam, chemically-activated carbon with potassium hydroxide (koh), and physiochemically-activated carbon with koh and steam. physical...

Scaling the gate oxide thickness is one of many process development challenges facing device engineers today. Nitrogen implantation has been used to control gate oxide thickness. By varying the dose of the nitrogen implant, process engineers can have multiple gate oxide thicknesses in the same process. Although it has been observed that nitrogen retards gate oxidation kinetics, the physics of h...

The input of new nitrogen into the euphotic zone constrains the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean and thereby the biologically mediated long-term CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. In low-latitude open-ocean regions, turbulence-driven nitrate diffusion from the ocean's interior and biological fixation of atmospheric N2 are the main sources of new nitrogen for phytoplankton ...

   Diffusion of nitrogen in plasma nitrided iron and structural evolution during the nitriding process were evaluated by several characterization techniques including optical microscopy (OM), microhardness depth profiling (HDP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Plasma ni...

Nitrogen migration in ZnO was investigated by nitrogen isotope diffusion. The samples were deposited using plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition. concentration depth profiles obtained from secondary-ion-mass spectrometry measurements, and gas effusion the molecular flux measured as a function of heating rate. Measurements performed on sample stacks that doped with isotopically enriched 15N 14...

1. Introduction Despite there are many materials, which show high oxygen ion diffusion, there are no materials with high, and predominating, nitrogen diffusion. Nevertheless, finding such materials would make it possible to design new devices like direct nitrogen sensors, or making it also possible to produce ammonia electrochemically.