There have been few recent reviews of the nitrofurans in the literature, and none include recently available data on the use of nitrofurazone (nitrofural) in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin are the only nitrofurans that have become established in clinical use in the 20th century. These 2 nitrofurans have remained clinically...

Understanding how drugs work in vivo is critical for drug design and for maximizing the potential of currently available drugs. 5-nitrofurans are a class of prodrugs widely used to treat bacterial and trypanosome infections, but despite relative specificity, 5-nitrofurans often cause serious toxic side effects in people. Here, we use yeast and zebrafish, as well as human in vitro systems, to as...

For a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the nitrofurans in the mammalian organism, studies of their metabolism have been initiated. Excretion studies (1) have revealed that only a small part of most ingested nitrofurans appears unchanged in the urine. Bender and Paul (2) in preliminary studies have shown that 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (Furacin’) undergoes degradation ...

A liquid chromatographic method coupled with UVVis and photodiode–array detection for the determination of nitrofuran residues: nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone in water was developed and validated. Confirmation of the identity of nitrofurans was performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The nitrofur...

Furacin* (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) is an antibacterial agent effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms (l-3). It has also been studied extensively, along with other nitrofurans, to determine its fate during metabolism in the body (4, 5). Certain of these nitrofurans having chemotherapeutic activity partially withstand metabolic breakdown in the body and are ex...

RNA polymerase activity of liver nuclei; and (c) whether the nitrofurans ameliorated 3'-Me-DAB-induced changes in RNA polymerase activity. The nitrofurans were 2-(2furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide and 2-amino-5-[2-(5nitro-2-furyl)-l-(2-furyl)vinyl-l-]-l ,3,4-oxadiazole. Male Donryu rats were fed 1 or 0.5 g of 3'-Me-DAB by being maintained on a diet containing 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB or 3'-Me-DAB pl...

A series of nitrofuran-based compounds were identified as inhibitors of estrogen signaling in a cell-based, high-throughput screen of a diverse library of small molecules. These highly related compounds were subsequently found to inhibit topoisomerase II in vitro at concentrations similar to that required for the inhibition of estrogen signaling in cells. The most potent nitrofuran discovered i...

Nitrofurans (furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone) belong to a wide range of synthetic antibiotics used in the prevention gastrointestinal infections livestock, aquaculture and beekeeping. They were also as food supplements stimulate growth. In 1995, use nitrofurans veterinary medicine was banned European Union because carcinogenic potentially harmful effects humans. Illegal...

The detection and dosimetry of radiosterilization of pharmaceuticals is a growing concern to numerous government regulatory agencies worldwide. In the absence of suitable detection methods, attention was focused on electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. This paper reports experimental data on ESR dosimetry of irradiated nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, nifuroxazide, nifurzide and nifurtoinol)....