background & aim : neonatal period is one of the most high-risk stages of human life affected by some factors associated to pre- and post-delivery stages, such as invasive procedures. anxiety is found to be one of the most common psychological disorders during prenatal period, especially the third trimester. until now, significant negative consequences of anxiety on newborn’s health are reporte...

Introduction: Pain is a symptom that part of the premature newborns everyday in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit due to large number painful procedures which they are subjected during their stay. The nurse and nursing staff because professionals responsible for largest follow-up neonates stay, play an important role careful observation identification occurrence signs reflect presence pain. Objectiv...

Recent scientific studies have added more and more consistent evidence that the newborn, even if preterm, is very sensitive to the nociceptive stimulus. The baby responds with a well known physiological, metabolic and hormonal reaction, that, if repeated, may lead to short and medium term negative effects on the newborn. This vulnerability to painful stimulus, especially in preterm infants, can...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of drugs to relieve procedural pain of newborn infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of university hospitals. METHODS A prospective cohort study of all newborn infants hospitalized in four NICU during October 2001. The following data were collected: demographic data of patients; clinical morbidity; number of potentially painful procedures a...

Recent advances in neurobiology and clinical medicine have established that the fetus and newborn may experience acute, established, and chronic pain. They respond to such noxious stimuli by a series of complex biochemical, physiologic, and behavioral alterations. Studies have concluded that controlling pain experience is beneficial with respect to short-term and perhaps long-term outcomes. Yet...