after alzheimer disease, parkinson disease (pd) is considered the most common neurodegenerative disease. its prevalence is the same in all area but it is common in males than females. from every 100 persons who are above 60 years old, one of them has pd. also 5-10% of patients are less than 40 years old. this progressive neuroinflammation disease isn’t fatal. in 60% of cases is with depression....

alzheimer disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. increasing evidence suggests that alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. in vitro and animal studies have linked neuroinflammation to alzheimer's disease (ad) pathology. studie...

alzheimer is age-related, progressive brain degeneration disease. it destroys memory slowly. the number of people living with ad is increasing as fast as the count of aged population and extension of bad nutrition habits. the main cause of ad is not clearly known, but prior studies noted the importance of inflammation in tau hyperphosphorylation and failure of microglia to clear ab peptide accu...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. almost 47 million people suffer from dementia worldwide. ad accounts for approximately 60%–80% of all dementia cases. three major pathologies characterize the disease: senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation. we review the literature on events contributing to the inflammation. those i...

parkinson’s disease is the second most common age associated neuron degenerative disorder in developed societies. with the prevalence ranging from 41 per 100000 in the fourth decade of life to over 1900 per 100000 in people over 80 years of age.it characterized clinically by resting tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity and postural instability in the result of progressive loss of dopaminergic...

parkinson`s disease (pd) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after alzheimer`s disease. it is a chronic and progressive disease, and mostly afflicts elderlies. pd starts with sudden onsets and the exact cause of the disease is still unknown, however there are some early symptoms that can help us to diagnose the disease and ameliorate its effects. pd is a multi-factorial disease...

neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. neuroplasticity allows the neurons in the brain to compensate injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment. at the other side, it is now well established that neuronal function is strongly influenced by both cen...

Zinc is a substance that regulates neural excitability by binding whit sodium channel and potassium channel. The efficiency of free zinc ion, make down the neural survival rate, reduced the peak amplitude of Na+ and make depolarization Na channel, increased the peak amplitude of transition outward k+ currents and delayed rectifier. Also it is an effective blocker of one subtype of tetrodoxine (...

zinc is a substance that regulates neural excitability by binding whit sodium channel and potassium channel. the efficiency of free zinc ion, make down the neural survival rate, reduced the peak amplitude of na+ and make depolarization na channel, increased the peak amplitude of transition outward k+ currents and delayed rectifier. also it is an effective blocker of one subtype of tetrodoxine (...

neuroinflammation as a protective mechanism for repairing tissue damage in the central nervous system (cns), has been classified into two types: acute and chronic. it is characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the increase levels of different chemokines and cytokines. neuroinflammation can be harmful, and it is a common pathological feature in neurodegenerative and psych...