DNA methylation in mammals has long been implicated in the epigenetic mechanism of parental imprinting, in which selective expression of one allele of specific genes is based on parental origin. Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) selectively binds to methylated DNA and mutations in the MECP2 cause the autism‐spectrum neurodevelop‐ mental disorder Rett syndrome. This review outlines the emergi...

this condition is due to deficiency in electron transport flavoprotein or electron transport fluvoprotein dehydrogenase.the clinical presentation is characteristic of fatty acid oxidation disorders. this disorder is poor prognostic and death in infancy is common.the central nervous system involving causes neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and head lag. different type of seizures such as infa...

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that is characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. The etiology of the disorder is complex, and it is thought to follow a multifactorial threshold model of inheritance with genetic and neurodevelop mental contributions to risk. Human studies are particularly useful in capturing the richness of the phenotype, but they...

It is well established that PTSD may develop following a traumatic experience such as war combat. In addition it has been noted that such trauma may lead to symptoms of psychosis. Childhood psychological abuse and sexual abuse have also been linked to psychosis. It may be the case that trauma predisposes to the development of psychosis and this can be compared to psychosis of neurodevelopmental...

Heinemann U, et al. Nitric oxide modulates spreading depolarization threshold in the human and rodent cortex. Delayed inflammation in rat meninges: implications for migraine pathophysiology. lack of binding to brain parenchyma suggests integrity of the blood-brain barrier for 11C-dihy-droergotamine during glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine. Brain 2016, in press. This scientific commentary ref...

Compact urban development would reduce urban sprawl, leading to shorter driving distances and ultimately less regional air pollution. But it would also mean greater housing density in a given area, potentially increasing the number of residences near major roadways. Given that exposure to traffic emissions near roadways is strongly associated with asthma and related symptoms in children, a new ...

The function of the cerebral cortex requires the coordinated action of two major neuronal subtypes, the glutamatergic projection neurons and the GABAergic interneurons. Although , in terms of numbers, GABAergic interneurons represent a minor cell population compared to glutamater-gic neurons in the neocortex, they play an important role in modulating network dynamics of neocortical circuits. In...

Normal visual development requires unimpeded and coordinated input from each eye to the visual cortex during an early critical period of cortical maturation. Disrupted binocular vision during this critical period, due to visual deprivation (e.g. congenital cataract), misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) or unequal refrac-tive error (anisometropia), can lead to amblyopia, a neurodevelop-mental ...

In recent years, the possible cause of schizophrenia has switched from an emphasis on neurotransmitter dysfunction to possible genetic and neurodevelop-mental abnormalities. Th e link between the loci for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2,the human lymphocyte antigen system and schizophrenia suggests that a dysfunctional immune system plays a role in this disorder. Th is hypothesis is ...

Compact urban development would reduce urban sprawl, leading to shorter driving distances and ultimately less regional air pollution. But it would also mean greater housing density in a given area, potentially increasing the number of residences near major roadways. Given that exposure to traffic emissions near roadways is strongly associated with asthma and related symptoms in children, a new ...