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pelizaeus­-merzbacher-like disease (pmld) is a hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy disorder with a genetically heterogeneous pattern. mutations in the gja12/gjc2 gene cause one form of autosomal recessive pelizaeus­-merzbacher-like disease. here, we report a new mutation in a ­10-month-old girl with nystagmus, psychomotor delay, hypotonicity, head nodding and dysmyelination from healthy second ...

conclusions the important role played by endocannabinoid system promises interesting developments, in particular to evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs in both psychiatry and neurology. materials and methods the article is a critical analysis of the most recent data currently present in scientific literature on the subject; a qualitative synthesis of only the most significant articles has b...

due to the worldwide increase in the number of older people in both developed and developing countries, there is a public health concern for dealing with age related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. there is little known about the difference in neuronal cell responses between genders. our understanding of the neuronal cell response regarding genders, will be useful for developing mo...

p2x7 receptors are purineric receptors that are extracellular atp-gated ion channel. these receptors require high dose or prolonged exposure to atp for initial activation. the activation of these receptors facilitates the formation of inflammasome which activates caspase 1. the p20 and p10 subunits of caspase 1 form active enzyme that then releases active interleukin (il)-1 β and il-18, tumor n...

tau is one of several types of microtubule-associated proteins (maps), responsible for the assembly and stability of microtubule networks that is present only in neurons and predominantly localized in axons which its functions are tightly regulated by phosphorylation. via as yet unknown mechanisms, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and accompanies with neuronal degeneration, loss of synapses, abe...

the human brain is composed of several interconnected, functionally distinct structures and much debate has surrounded the basic question of how these structures evolve. brain development begins in early gestation. between 4 weeks and 9 months, brain undergoes rapid development. there are six stages of nervous system development. brain increases connections between birth and 21 years of age. ab...

oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main suggested mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases. in this study, we have evaluated the effects of epicatechin (ec) on mitochondrial damage induced by homocycteine (hcy) using isolated rat hippocampus mitochondria in vivo . ec (50 mg/kg) was gavaged daily for a period of 10 days, starting 5 days prior to hcy (0.5 μmol/μl) intra hippo...

background fear of falling (fof) is highly common in people with parkinson disease (pd). fear of frequent falling arises from risk factors in pd. objectives one of the most common tools used to measure fof in patients with pd is the survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (saffe), but no studies have been conducted on its reliability and validity in iran. the current study attem...

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