modern world revolutions have created some instruments known as ‎quasi-negotiable instruments which are different from negotiable ones, ‎despite having some similarities to them. commercial custom recognizes ‎them as quasi-negotiable instruments. the principle is that we don’t ‎need new legal regime for this new category because they are right in ‎personam when they are created and rights in re...

making a negotiable instrument on behalf is one of the most important issues in negotiable instruments law. under general rules, the principle has the obligations arising from making negotiable instrument on behalf and agent is not in charge. if the maker wasn’t an agent or he violated the representation area, his act wouldn’t be valid. now the question is if the agent doesn’t manifest his posi...

introduction payment system is any organized arrangement for transferring monetary value leading to discharge and settlement of obligation. negotiable instruments in their special meaning are tradable documents that can be used as means of payment in commercial and consuming trades and are considered as non-cash payment system among the monetary transferring systems. the negotiable instruments ...