We consider first order modal logic C firstly defined by Carnap in “Meaning and Necessity” [1]. We prove elimination of nested modalities for this logic, which gives additionally the Skolem-Löwenheim theorem for C. We also evaluate the degree of unsolvability for C, by showing that it is exactly 0′. We compare this logic with the logics of Henkin quantifiers, Σ1 logic, and SO. We also shortly d...

There are at least two distinct ways of conceiving of syntax: the set of rules that enable speakers and listeners to combine the meaning of expressions (compositional syntax), or the set of formal constraints on the combinations of expressions (formal syntax). The question that occupies us in this paper is whether all languages include a significant formal syntax component or whether there are ...

Chalmers’s philosophical work exploits a distinctive version of two-dimensionalism, a formal modal framework from the 1960s and 1970s that one can use to define two kinds of possible worlds semantic values. Chalmers presents this as the best form of a Fregean account of content. One of the principal aims of Constructing the World is to provide its metaphysical foundations. Chalmers presents him...

Participants in public distributed computing do not find it easy to trust each other. The massive number of parties involved, their heterogeneous backgrounds, disparate goals and independent nature are not a good basis for the development of relationships through purely social mechanisms. This paper discusses the trust management issues that arise in the context of the XenoServer Open Platform:...

In a number of works, Rudolf Carnap provided ingenious and systematic approaches to the understanding of scientific knowledge (see, for instance, Carnap 1928, 1934, 1947, 1950a, b). As is well known, his proposals faced three important changes: (i) the early phenomenalism of the Logische Aufbau der Welt (Carnap 1928) was replaced by the physicalism of Logische Syntax der Sprache (Carnap 1934); ...

Original paper: John C. Dencker, Sophie Bacq, Marc Gruber, and Melvin Haas, Reconceptualizing necessity entrepreneurship: A contextualized framework of entrepreneurial processes under the condition...

This paper is partly born of an increasing sense of uncertainty about how to do syntax. Time was, we linguists had at our disposal a generally accepted arsenal of analytic devices to deal with a familiar range of constructions and phenomena. However, as the phenomena under study began to proliferate, so did the analyses. The increasingly baroque GB architecture began to collapse under the weigh...

Until now, antirealists have offered sketches of a theory of truth, at best. In this paper, we present an antirealist theory of truth in some formal detail. We show that the theory is able to deal satisfactorily with the problems that are standardly taken to beset antirealism. According to antirealists, there is an intimate connection between truth and human cognitive capacities which holds by ...