The plasmalemmal Na⁺/Ca²⁺ changer (NCX) regulates intracellular Ca²⁺ by exchanging 3 Na⁺ for 1 Ca²⁺ in either the Ca²⁺ exit or Ca²⁺ entry mode. All three NCX isoforms NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 are expressed in the rat brain, with isoform-specific differential distribution. In the central clock of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), intracellular Ca²⁺ controls the circadian release of major neuropeptides,...

The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional transporter that is controlled by membrane potential and transmembrane gradients of Na+ and Ca2+. To reveal the functional role of NCX on gastrointestinal motility, we have previously used NCX1 and NCX2 heterozygote knockout mice (HET). We found that NCX1 and NCX2 play important roles in the motility of the gastric fundus, ileum and distal colon. ...

The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional transporter that is controlled by membrane potential and transmembrane gradients of Na(+) and Ca(2+). Although two isoforms of NCX1 and NCX2 are coexpressed on the basolateral membrane of the distal nephron, the functional significance of these isoforms is not entirely clear. Therefore, we used NCX1- and NCX2-heterozygote knockout mice (KO) an...

The Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a major Ca(2+)-regulating protein encoded by three genes: NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3. They share a sequence homology of approximately 65%. NCX1 protein is expressed ubiquitously, and NCX2 and NCX3 are expressed almost exclusively in the brain. We have shown previously (Kimchi-Sarfaty et al., 2002) that treatment of NCX1-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 ...

The specific role played by NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3, the three isoforms of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), has been explored during hypoxic conditions in BHK cells stably transfected with each of these isoforms. Six major findings emerged from the present study: (1) all the three isoforms were highly expressed on the plasma membranes of BHK cells; (2) under physiological conditions, the three NCX is...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, by mediating Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes in a bidirectional way across the synaptic plasma membrane, may play a pivotal role in the events leading to anoxic damage. In the brain, there are 3 different genes coding for 3 different proteins: NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3. The aim of this study was to determine whether NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 might play a differential ro...

BACKGROUND Nociception requires transduction and impulse electrogenesis in nerve fibers which innervate the body surface, including the skin. However, the molecular substrates for transduction and action potential initiation in nociceptors are incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the expression and distribution of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms...

The Na -Ca exchanger (NCX) is a major Ca -regulating protein encoded by three genes: NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3. They share a sequence homology of approximately 65%. NCX1 protein is expressed ubiquitously, and NCX2 and NCX3 are expressed almost exclusively in the brain. We have shown previously (Kimchi-Sarfaty et al., 2002) that treatment of NCX1transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells with...

In this study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of the activity of NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 exchangers was investigated in baby hamster kidney cells singly transfected with each of these isoforms by single-cell Fura-2-microfluorometry and patch clamp. Furthermore, the molecular determinants of NO on each isoform were identified by deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, and chimera stra...

RNase H was originally described as an enzyme that specifically degrades RNA in an RNA:DNA hybrid and is inactive on ssor dsRNAs and DNAs alone (2). RNase H treatment is recommended during cDNA preparation because the RNase H activity, originally present in reverse transcriptases, has been removed in some cloned enzymes. These modified enzymes yield more cDNA, so they are now more routinely use...