Human beings have always made their tools and instruments they need using patterns in nature. Mimicking nature has become the foundation of a new science called Biomimetics. In the present article, multiple forms and levels in nature were utilized to design and create a mouse. The rivers are a good source for choosing the shape of a mouse with lots of stones abraded through the centuries which ...

The process of cloning variants of a system to accommodate increasing customization is often state of the practice where code duplication is caused by the combination of maintenance problems, high customization, and time pressure. This particular situation motivates the research on similarity analysis of system variants. Similarity determination, variability information recovery, and evolution ...

The performance of any algorithm will largely depend on the setting of its algorithmdependent parameters. The optimal setting should allow the algorithm to achieve the best performance for solving a range of optimization problems. However, such parameter tuning is itself a tough optimization problem. In this chapter, we present a framework for self-tuning algorithms so that an algorithm to be t...