after alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease is the most common nerve-damaging disease. parkinson's is a progressive and chronic disease where cells secrete dopamine-cut black flesh and in the absence of dopamine in the brain destroyed the irregular body movements. man eats the food that causes the formation of the neurotransmitters. tthree neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotoni...

Steven Levy used the shuffle feature of the Apple iPod as a metaphor for the digital age. Newspapers used to be the medium for getting news in one physical bundle, but today people can “shuffle” between news sites. Similarly, thanks to the Internet, shoppers can shuffle between stores, no longer constrained by what is in a mall. Levy postulated that even Apple did not realize the transformative...

Clinical case Caucasian 16-year-old boy was refered to Immunoalergology Unit for food allergy investigation. Since early childhood the patient avoids ingestion of peach although without any symptoms to mention. At the age of 7 he experienced labial and palpebral angioedema, oropharyngeal pruritis and dyspnoea immediately after ingestion of a non-peeled fresh apple and later with a cooked apple....

utilization of effective instruments in support of and to provide economic safety for active population in the agricultural sector and towards an increase in production is an indispensable necessity. agricultural crop insurance is one of these instruments. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting an adoption of agricultural crops’ insurance among apple growers in semiro...

AM-toxins are host-specific phytotoxins of the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype, which induce necrosis on apple leaves. In this study, we developed a new assay to measure the necrotic activity of AM-toxin analogs using cultured leaves from meristem cells. This method was not only more sensitive to AM-toxin I, but also more reliable than the previous one that used tree leaves due to the homo...

Molecular capsules have been extensively used in catalysis, drug delivery, molecular recognition and protection of ligands from degradation. Novel "apple peel" shaped helical arylamide capsules have been experimentally pursued due to their flexible nature and designability. They were found to encapsulate a variety of small molecules. The apple peel shape of the capsules led to a hypothesis that...

sympatric host race formation in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Genetics 163, 939–953 5 Linn, C. et al. (2003) Fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in Rhagoletis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 11490–11493 6 Feder, J.L. et al. (1988) Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature 336, 61–64 7 No...

Since their discovery by Mandelbrot (The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Freeman, New York, 1977), fractals have experienced considerable success in quantifying the complex structure exhibited by many natural patterns and have captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike. With ever-widening appeal, they have been referred to both as ‘‘fingerprints of nature’’ (Nature 399 (1999) 422) an...