Inhalational exposure to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) produces an immediate-type asthmatic or a late respiratory systemic syndrome in certain workers after a latent period of work exposure. TMA has been found to react with proteins to produce a hapten-protein complex (trimellitate [TM] protein) or become hydrolyzed in aqueous, alkaline solutions to produce a salt, NaTM. Using a solid-phase radio...

Purpose As every construction project is quite different according to the type of construction, 3D-representations on design, estimation, construction, and management also need to be different. While the 3D-approach has been widely applied to building projects, it has rarely been tested on large construction projects such as tunnels, mass transit systems, dams, highways, etc. Meanwhile, charact...

The new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) and tunnel boring machine (TBM) are methods for excavating underground spaces. NATM construction has noise vibration problems, excavation using TBM the disadvantage of high initial cost is limited by ground conditions. A parallel been developed to overcome these limitations. However, research on lacking, it crucial identify applicability in advance appl...

The reaction of sodium hydro-tris(phenylthioimidazolyl)borate (NaTm) with silicon tetraiodide gives rise to the first crystallographically characterised molecular silicon compounds, [Si(Tm)2] 2X (X = I and I3 ), in which the silicon is found in a regular S6 environment. The [Si(Tm)2] 2+ cation is subjected to analysis using DFT methods to explain why an S6 coordination motif is preferred to an ...

The development of underground spaces in urban centers has attracted significant research attention. Typical excavation methods for areas include the New Austrian tunneling method (NATM) and tunnel boring machine (TBM). NATM is superior terms ease construction economic efficiency; however, vibration noise are often cited as major complaints. In addition to their high initial cost, TBMs require ...

This report covers 33 papers submitted to the session Numerical Analysis of Tunnels and Deep Excavations. The majority of papers (26) addresses aspects related to tunnelling, both NATM and bored tunnels. As compared to previous conferences analysis of interaction between tunnel construction and surrounding structures such as buildings and pile foundations seems to have become more important. On...