BACKGROUND This study examined participation and performance trends in 'Ironman Hawaii' regarding the nationality of the finishers. METHODS Associations between nationalities and race times of 39,706 finishers originating from 124 countries in the 'Ironman Hawaii' from 1985 to 2012 were analyzed using single and multi-level regression analysis. RESULTS Most of the finishers originated from ...

"This article addresses a... neglected, link between migration and ethnicity or nationality in Europe. It explores migrations of ¿ethnic unmixing' or ¿ethnic affinity'. Ethnic unmixing and ethnic affinity have somewhat different connotations and call attention to two distinct respects in which ethnicity may figure in such migrations: (1) as a push factors at the point of origin, and (2) as a pu...

In major marathon races such as the 'World Marathon Majors', female and male East African runners particularly from Ethiopia and Kenya are the fastest. However, whether this trend appears for female and male Ethiopians and Kenyans at recreational level runners (i.e. races at national level) and in shorter road races (e.g. in half-marathon races) has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of the pr...

One way of evaluating the salience of a linguistic feature is by assessing the extent to which listeners associate the feature with a social category such as a particular socioeconomic class, gender, or nationality. Such 'top-down' associations will inevitably differ somewhat from listener to listener, as a linguistic feature - the pronunciation of a vowel or consonant, for instance - can evoke...

BACKGROUND Participation and performance trends regarding the nationality of ultraendurance athletes have been investigated in the triathlon, but not in running. The present study aimed to identify the countries in which multistage ultramarathons were held around the world and the nationalities of successful finishers. METHODS Finisher rates and performance trends of finishers in multistage u...

today, more than ever, “multi-national marriages” are taking place, consequently many of the rules of citizenship have changed. many countries have accepted the equality of citizenship for each party of marriage in a multi-national family and have orientated from “unity of nationality” to the “independence of nationality”. therefore, each parent can pass her nationality through it, and most cou...

altering nationality is a right for persons. according to rule 588 of commercial law, legal persons can have the complete right and duties of persons, except rights and duets that only human can have due to his nature such as rights and duties of fatherhood, sonny etc. in persian law, unlike persons, there is not any rule about altering nationality for legal persons especially companies and the...

PURPOSE Studies in the United States have found that patients' sex, race, and age influence the pain assessment and treatment decisions of laypeople and medical professionals. However, there is limited research as to whether people of other nationalities make pain management decisions differently based on demographic characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of the following study was to compare ...

After having coordinated their nationality laws since the late 19th century, the Scandinavian countries have moved in distinctly different directions in this field since the turn of the millennium. Today Sweden has one of the most liberal citizenship policies in Europe, while Denmark has one of the most restrictive. Norway occupies an intermediate position between its Scandinavian neighbours. I...