The emergence of computer and multimedia technology change the forms of instructional materials and instructional design plays an important role on student learning outcome in multimedia learning. Research has found that using advance organizers has the potential for achieving learning objectives. Thus, this study investigated how using different forms (oral narration/onscreen text) of advance ...

This study investigated the effectiveness of various types of worked-out examples used in pre-training to optimize the cognitive load and enhance learners’ comprehension of the content in an animation-based learning environment. An animation-based learning environment was developed specifically for this study. The participants were divided into four groups; each group was provided with a differ...

Children’s visual attention to, and comprehension of, a television progmm was measured OS 0 function of inserts called preplays that varied on two orthogonal dimensions: (1) Presence or absence of visual excerpts from the pragmm, and (2) concrete or inferential story narration. visual fixation was coded continuously for 64 pairs of same-sex children, in 1st through 4th gmdes, while they viewed ...

In this paper, we try to bridge the gap between different dimensions/incarnations of mathematical knowledge: MKM representation formats (content), their human-oriented languages (source, presentation), their narrative linearizations (narration), and relational presentations used in the semantic web. The central idea is to transport solutions from software engineering to MKM regarding the parall...

hahve khane painting is influenced by naghali (narration) due to the atmosphere of narrating religious and mythical narration stories. examination of sound and illustration adaptation in this type of painting, considering the influence of naghali on ghahve khane painting, is the subject of this research. ghahve khane painting is divided into three categories by content: “martial”, “religious”, ...

Because of e-learning environments characteristics of learners include isolation from the instructor or peer learners, therefore providing social cues or emotional feedback has been seriously considered by inserting pedagogical agents into digital contents. However, there exists controversies for introducing pedagogical agents into digital contents, pros are fostering learner motivation and lea...

How can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scientific and mathematical explanations? In this review, we examine the role of animation in multimedia learning (including multimedia instructional messages and microworld games), present a cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and summarize our program of research, which has yielded seven principles for the use of animation in ...

In this paper we define agreement in terms of shared public commitments, and implicit agreement is conditioned on the semantics of the relational speech acts (e.g., Narration, Explanation) that each agent performs. We provide a consistent interpretation of disputes, and updating a logical form with the current utterance always involves extending it and not revising it, even if the current utter...