This paper presents an overall review of epidural and intrathecal narcotics. The early laboratory studies and initial clinical applications are presented. This is followed by a description of the mechanism of action of narcotics acting both intrathecally and epidurally, and some of the similarities and differences between narcotics and local anesthetic drugs. Technique, dosages, indications, an...

Opiates and opioids are naturally occurring or synthesized derivatives of opium commonly known as “narcotics.” Short-acting narcotics often are used for the acute treatment of migraine headache that is moderate to severe in intensity. Orally self-administered narcotics that are commonly prescribed include codeine (typically prescribed with acetaminophen; eg, Tylenol #3), hydrocodone (typically ...

Sweden's compulsory addiction system treats individuals with severe alcohol and narcotics use disorders. Merging data from three national level register databases of those sentenced to compulsory care from 2001 to 2009 (n=4515), the aims of this study were to: (1) compute mortality rates to compare to the general Swedish population; (2) identify leading cause of mortality by alcohol or narcotic...

aims: drug addiction is a mental, social, and economic problem that comes from abnormal and illicit consumption of substances such as alcohol, opium, hashish, and etc., making the addict psychologically and physiologically dependent to those substances. this study was designed and performed to evaluate the pattern of drug abuse change in the addicts visiting addiction treatment centers of kasha...