C is a major public health problem especially in developing countries and the seventh pandemic is still ongoing. In 2004, 56 countries officially reported 101,383 cases and 2,345 deaths to WHO and Africa accounted for 94% of these reported cases. Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is an autochthonous inhabitant of marine and freshwater environments and also a facultative pathogen for humans. It is a...

I here recall Ryle's analysis of Heterologicality, but broaden the discussion to comparable analyses not only of Heterologicality but also other puzzles about self-reference. Such matters have a crucial bearing on the debate between representational and non-representational theories of mind, as will be explained. 1 [1] The most remarkable thing about the so-called Heterologicality Paradox is th...

The cell surfaces of several toxigenic and nontoxigenic environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been examined. The environmental strains, irrespective of toxigenicity, are significantly more resistant to antibiotics and detergents than are V. cholerae O1 strains. The clinical isolates of non-O1 vibrios are as sensitive to a wide variety of chemicals as the O1 vibrios....

In this paper we argue that maximum expected utility is a suitable framework for modeling a broad range of decision problems arising in pattern recognition and related fields. Examples include, among others, gaze planning and other active vision problems, active learning, sensor and actuator placement and coordination, intelligent humancomputer interfaces, and optimal control. Following this re...

Parasitism has been argued as one o1 the major costs o1 breeding sociality in birds. Mowever, there is no clear evidence 1or an increased parasite pressure associated with the evolutionary transition 1rom solitary to colonial breeding. I used the pairwise comparative method to test whether colonial bird species incur in a greater risK o1 in1ection and i1 they must to 1ace with a greater diversi...

where ◦o1,o2,o3 : 〈o2,o3〉×〈o1,o2〉 → 〈o1,o3〉 that satisfies usual conditions (associativity and the existence of the identities). This approach is closer to the way in which categories are presented in homological algebra (e.g. [1], pp.58-59). We do not assume that 〈o1,o2〉’s are mutually disjoint. If f is simultaneously a morphism from o1 to o2 and o1 to o2 (o1 6= o1) than different compositions...

The articles [6], [1], [4], [5], [2], and [3] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. Let O1 be an ordered affine space. Then Λ(O1) is an affine space. Let O1 be an ordered affine plane. Then Λ(O1) is an affine plane. We now state several propositions: (1) There exists a real linear space V and there exist vectors u, v of V such that for all real numbers a, b such that a · u + b · ...

Six hybridoma cell lines, each of which produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Vibrio cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were established. Each MAb was active serologically by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the slide agglutination test. In the ELISA, each MAb was tested against 7 O1 and 9 non-O1 LPS preparations. Three MAbs reacted with both Inaba and Ogawa serovars...