Naja sumatrana is the dominant cobra species in Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, and Sumatra, and it does not have specific antivenom. The Haffkine antivenom has been advocated instead. This study aims to determine the efficacy of this antivenom against Naja sumatrana envenoming using a mouse model. Methods. Male Swiss albino mice were used. Intravenous LD50 was first determined separately for Naja...

conventional treatment of naja naja oxiana (nno) envenoming requires large volumes of equine antivenin raised against nno crude venom. the poor efficiency of this antivenin is assumed to be due to the high molecular weight non-toxic proteins, a strong immunogen, present in the crude venom. these proteins cause depression of antibody formation against the low molecular weight toxic components of...

The spitting cobra Naja pallida can eject its venom towards an offender from a distance of up to two meters. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the relatively large distance covered by the venom jet although the venom channel is only of micro-scale. Therefore, we analysed factors that influence secondary flow and pressure drop in the venom channel, which incl...

We report first case of melanism in Naja naja from Goa. Identification snake is done based on meristic data collected the specimen. Appropriate documentation these types individuals will farther our understanding this phenomenon.

The venom of Pakistan species of snakes (Naja naja, Vipera russelli and Echis carinatus) and lethal fractions of Cobra (Naja naja) venom were converted to toxoid with formalin. Detoxification of the crude venoms and toxic fraction was attained by addition of formalin in several steps and incubation at 37°C maintaining the pH 7.0. Relationship of formalin concentration and incubation period was ...

Coix lacryma-jobi, commonly known as job's tear, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family Poaceae. The ethanolic root extract (ERE) of the plant was investigated for the first time for anti-venom activity against Indian cobra Naja naja venom. In-vitro studies were conducted to determine neutralization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of the Naja naja venom by the ERE. ERE showed ...

The enzyme L-Amino Acid Oxidase (LAAO) is widely distributed in snake venoms, contributes a reasonable toxicity to the venoms. However LAAO from Indian cobra (Naja naja ) snake venom has not yet isolated previously. In the present study LAAO from Indian cobra (Naja naja ) snake venom was purified by sequential steps of cation exchange chromatography (CM-Sephadex C-25; CM-52 cellulose), followed...

Cytogenetic studies were carried out on four species of Indian snakes viz Eryx conicus (Family Boidae), Naja naja naja (Family Elapidae), Vipera russelli and Echis carinatus (Family Viperidae) collected from Jammu region (J&K). Both E. conicus and N. n. naja show deviation from typical ophidian karyotype (2n=36), having 2n=34 (16 macroand 18 microchromosomes, NF=42) in E. conicus and 2n=38 (16 ...

The secondary structures of three snake venom cardiotoxins (from Hemachatus hemachatus, Naja naja atra, and Naja naja naja), in aqueous solution and in a lipid-bound form, were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The conformation-sensitive protein infrared bands in the amide I region were analyzed using deconvolution and band-fitting procedures. The spectra of the three car...

the myocardial effect of snake venoms is considered as one of the most common pathogenesis in many cases of snake envenomation. this study was under taken to investigate the effects of snake (naja naja oxiana) venom on cardiac function in experimental animals. the blood samples from all the rabbits were collected before venom injection and then 140 µg/kg venom of snake (naja naja oxiana) was in...