background: resistance to anti-tuberculosis (tb) drugs is a global problem. previous studies showed that the prevalence of primary mdr-tb is higher and has been increasing. the purpose of this study was to determine the primary drug resistance in strains isolated from patients with smear-positive of the new cases to anti-tb drugs. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 266 smear positive pulmo...

Background: Diabetes is an important metabolic disease with myriad manifestations and complications, affecting many people. Cutaneous infections impact numerous diabetic patients. Among different bacterial infections in diabetic patients, the infections caused by mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) eventuate in complications owing to the paucity of accurate detection...

The potentially pathogenic Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging nowadays which result in pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections in human. This group of bacteria consists of at least 200 different species. While the pulmonary disease is the most common form of NTM infections, NTM can cause diffused infections as well as extrapulmonary infections in every organ, such as bone marrow, s...

background and aims: infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .the th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from tgf-b and il-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in the extracellular milieu.t helper 9 (th9) cells,a novel cd4 t cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. in this art...

 Lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia)  Upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., pharyngitis, sinusitis)  Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., folliculitis, cellulitis, erysipelas)  Disseminated or localized mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. Localized infections due to Mycobacterium chelonae,Mycobacterium fortu...

=Lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia) Upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., pharyngitis, sinusitis) =Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., folliculitis, cellulitis, erysipelas) Disseminated or localized mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. Localized infections due to Mycobacterium chelonae,Mycobacterium fortuitum, ...

Mycobacterium marinum is an unusual atypical mycobacterium with low pathogenicity for humans in comparison with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium marinum is the most common pathogen to cause skin infections. Mycobacterium marinum infection causes chronic cutaneous lesions and in some cases deeper infections such as tenosynovitis, septic...