considering rapid growth and migration, higher accumulation of communities along with the high number of shopping trips in mega cities such as tehran brings environmental consequences like excessive amounts of energy use, air pollution and massive urban congestions in all urban trips ending to shopping areas. the present study has been performed in tehran, capital of iran in 2009-2010. with the...

Santiago, Chile has the distinction of having among the worst urban air pollution problems in Latin America. As part of an atmospheric pollution reduction plan, the Santiago Regional Metropolitan government defined an environmental policy goal of using urban forests to remove particulate matter less than 10 microm (PM(10)) in the Gran Santiago area. We used cost effectiveness, or the process of...

Mounting research highlights the contribution of ecosystem services provided by urban forests to quality of life in cities, yet these services are rarely explicitly considered in environmental policy targets. We quantify regulating services provided by urban forests and evaluate their contribution to comply with policy targets of air quality and climate change mitigation in the municipality of ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between air pollution exposure and preterm birth in Shanghai, China. METHODS We examined the effect of ambient air pollution on preterm birth using time-series approach in Shanghai in 2004. This method can eliminate potential confounding by individual risk factors that do not change over a short period of time. Daily numbers of preterm births were obtaine...

OBJECTIVE A number of studies show an association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse respiratory health effects in children. However, most evidence relates to the regions with low or moderate levels of ambient air pollution. The study was undertaken to assess the impact of traffic-related air pollution on respiratory health status in children living in the area of high levels of ...

Introduction A number of severe soil and air pollution cases around municipal and industrial waste incinerators have recently been found in Japan. It is tme that the amount of waste incinerated in Japan is very high compared with other countries; however, it must be clarified whether the incinerators are the sole cause ofthe present dioxin pollution problem. In this study, the mass balance of d...

OBJECTIVE To explore how three different assumptions on demographics affect the health impact of Danish emitted air pollution in Denmark from 2005 to 2030, with health impact modeled from 2005 to 2050. METHODS Modeled air pollution from Danish sources was used as exposure in a newly developed health impact assessment model, which models four major diseases and mortality causes in addition to ...

BACKGROUND A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted to research the adverse effects of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. However, few previous studies have examined the relationship between gaseous air pollution and morbidity for hypertension. METHODS Daily data on emergency hospital visits (EH...

The U.S. per-capita figure for garbage production has topped four pounds per person per day, and that amount is rising at roughly 5% per year. In the past, municipal solid waste was sent to the nearest local landfill or incinerator. But in 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency instituted the first federal standards for landfills, designed to make them safer. Over 10,000 small municipal...