mullerian duct anomalies (mdas) are relatively common disorders that are particularly responsible for obstetrical complications and have a prevalence of about 3%-4% in the general population (1, 2). uterine malformations may result from arrested development of the mullerian ducts, failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts or failure of resorption of the median septum (1, 2).

The uterus is formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts (also called mullerian ducts). This process usually fuses the two mullerian ducts into a single uterine body. Incomplete fusion of the mullerian ducts results in uterine malformation like uterus didelphus, uterus bicornis bicollis, uterus bicornis unicollis, uterus subseptate, uterus arcuate, and uterus uni...

Septate uterus is the most common structural anomaly of all mullerian defects. It is included in Class V of the AFS classification of anomalies of mullerian ducts. Fusion of the median septum of the mullerian ducts proceeds cephalad from the mullerian tubercle up to the junction of future round ligaments; shortly thereafter, the septum between the ducts is resorbed. Congenital defects can occur...

symptomatic mullerian duct cysts are uncommon. a young adult male presented to us with a palpable supra-pubic mass, pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. initial imaging modalities showed a large cystic lesion in the pelvis with a non-visualized right kidney. a short, blind ending right ureter on retrograde pyelography added to the confusion. on exploration, the lesion was noted to be separate...

At puberty, female rats exposed in utero to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibit a persistent thread of mesenchymal tissue surrounded by keratinized epithelium that partially occludes the vaginal opening. Our objective was to determine the earliest time during fetal development that morphological signs of this vaginal canal malformation could be detected and to obtain greater ins...

Bicornuate Uterus is a type of lateral fusion disorder of the mullerian ducts. According to the American Fertility Society Classification of Mullerian Anomalies, bicornuate uterus is a class IV anomaly. Incidence of this anomaly varies. This may affect a woman's obstetric, as well as her gynecologic outcome. Here we present a 23 year primigravida at 38 weeks and 5 days gestation with footling b...

Following the publication of Lillie's (1917) observations and theories on the endocrine basis of the development of the bovine freemartin, experiments were initiated to determine if heterosexual gonad grafts to the chorio-alantoic membrane of chicks could stimulate formation of intersexes (Willier, 1927). Hormone extracts of testes and urine were used by Dantchakoff (1935) and Kozelka & Gallagh...

Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from the abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts.1,2 These abnormalities include a wide range of developmental anomalies, resulting from failure of development, defective fusion or defects in regression of the septum during fetal development. A review of the prevalence of different t...

The Mullerian glands of adult male caecilians, which are derived from the undifferentiated Mullerian ducts, secrete many constituents similar to those found in the semen of birds and mammals. These include fructose, acid phosphatase, and mucopolysaccharides. The pH of the secretion is similar to that of semen. Caecilians reproduce terrestrially using intromission and internal fertilization. It ...