Received January 2008 Accepted October 2008 INTRODUCTION Persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS), or hernia uteri inguinale, describes a group of patients with a 46,XY karyotype and normal male external genitalia, but internal mullerian duct structures. Typically, these phenotypic males have unilateral or bilateral undescended testes, bilateral fallopian tubes, a uterus, and an upper vaginal ...