mud volcanoes are defined as main elements of geological structures and ways through and within which buried argillaceous loose sediments and lithified rocks. the gharniaregh tappeh and naftelijeh mud volcanoes are the most attractive geomorphological phenomena in continental which appear along the eastern coast of the caspian sea. the naftelijeh mud volcano is more active than gharniaregh–tapp...

Eleven onshore mud volcanoes in the southern region of Trinidad have been studied as analog habitats for possible microbial life on Mars. The profiles of the 11 mud volcanoes are presented in terms of their physical, chemical, mineralogical, and soil properties. The mud volcanoes sampled all emitted methane gas consistently at 3% volume. The average pH for the mud volcanic soil was 7.98. The av...

Drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160 (April–May, 1995) revealed important new evidence concerning the internal composition, depositional processes, and age of two mud volcanoes within the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex. Holes were drilled at ca. 2000 m water depth on the crest areas, across the flanks of the mud volcanoes, and onto adjacent deep-sea sediments. The main depos...

Mud volcanoes, ranging in size between 50cm and 800m high, are found both on land and in submarine environments. Their variation in height and shape reflects the driving forces building them and the physical properties of their materials. The driving force behind the construction of mud volcanoes is overpressure of fluidised mud at depth within the sediment column. Although some component of ov...

Mud volcanoes are defined as main elements of geological structures and ways through and within which buried argillaceous loose sediments and lithified rocks. The Gharniaregh Tappeh and Naftelijeh mud volcanoes are the most attractive geomorphological phenomena in continental which appear along the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. The Naftelijeh mud volcano is more active than Gharniaregh–Tapp...

It is estimated that the total number of submarine mud volcanoes is between 1000 and 100 000. Because many are associated with greenhouse gases, such as methane, it is argued that the global flux of these gases to the atmosphere from the world’s terrestrial and submarine mud volcanoes is highly significant. Clues to the processes forming submarine mud volcanoes can be found in variations to the...

[1] Mud volcanoes sometimes respond to earthquakes, but the mechanisms by which earthquakes trigger changes in ongoing eruptions or initiate new eruptions are not completely understood. We measured gas discharge at a field of mud volcanoes near the Salton Sea, southern California, before and after the 4 April 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake and observed an increase in gas flux immediately foll...

Iran's mud volcanoes are clearly visible on the coastal plains of the Oman and Caspian Seas. There are 30 Gatan Mud Volcanoes located in the southeast of Iran: 15 of which are located between Jask and Minab in Hormozgan province, nine are between Chabahar and Jask Ports, and another six are between Chabahar and the Iran-Pakistan border in Sistan and Balouchestan Province. After some studies and...

Mud volcanoes can be large and long lived geological structures that morphologically resemble magmatic volcanoes. Because of their capricious behaviour and their spectacular morphology and landscapes, mud volcanoes have attracted attention since antiquity. More recently, mud volcanoes have become the focus of extensive studies for natural science research, including geologists and biologists. M...

Abstract The eruption of mud and magma can be influenced by earthquakes reports date back more than 2000 years. Dozens examples eruptions have now been documented in response to both static dynamic stresses from earthquakes. Already erupting systems are most sensitive compared initiating new eruptions. Multiple plausible mechanisms proposed for triggering including disrupting particle-rich mate...