The BRAF (V600E) mutation in colorectal cancers that are microsatellite stable (MSS) confers a poor patient prognosis, whereas BRAF mutant microsatellite-unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers have an excellent prognosis. BRAF wild type cancers are typically MSS and display chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN has not been extensively studied on a genome-wide basis in relation to BRAF mutational statu...

Fungal hyphae and plant pollen tubes are among the most highly polarized cells known and pose extraordinary requirements on their cell polarity machinery. Cellular morphogenesis is driven through the phospholipid-dependent organization at the apical plasma membrane. We characterized the contribution of phosphoinositides (PIs) in hyphal growth of the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora crassa. MSS...

The Maximum Segment Size (MSS) is a basic yet critical property of any TCP connection. Yet surprisingly, there have been no recent studies examining the MSS values that are announced and utilised by TCP senders in any detail. This paper analyses packet traces from several different locations and investigates the advertised and observed MSS values for each captured TCP connection. In particular,...

OBJECTIVE To examine family physicians' practice of, attitudes toward, and knowledge about maternal serum screening (MSS) and to compare the demographic and practice characteristics, attitudes, and knowledge of physicians who offer MSS to all their pregnant patients with those of physicians who offer MSS to some or none of their pregnant patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional mailed survey. SETTI...

Although the use of small segments in step and shoot IMRT provides better dose distribution, extremely small segments decrease treatment accuracy. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum minimum segment size (MSS) in two-step optimization in prostate step and shoot IMRT with regard to both planning quality and dosimetric accuracy. The XiO treatment planning system and Oncor Impre...

Abstract Mathematical description of an examined system like a Multi-State System (MSS) permits the analysis of this system reliability in more detail, because the MSS defines some performance levels (more that only working and failure). A structure function is one of basic definitions of MSS. But the structure function dimension increases critically depending on the number of system components...

PURPOSE Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) can be divided into two nonoverlapping groups: those that are chromosomally unstable but microsatellite stable (MSS CIN+) and those that are chromosomally stable but microsatellite unstable (MSI CIN-). However, a third group with neither chromosome nor microsatellite instability (MSS CIN-) makes a substantial contribution to the total CRC burden. The clinicopa...