Freshly isolated murine PP B cells were cultured with 10 different cytokines, including IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta, to investigate a possible role for these cytokines in induction of Ig synthesis. Of interest was the finding that only IL-5 and both mouse recombinant (mr) and human recombinant (hr) IL-6 enhanced IgA synthesis. The effect was grea...

Antiphospholipid antibodies are strongly associated with arterial and venous thrombosis and with fetal loss. Recently an experimental model for antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) was established in our laboratory. In this model, mice are immunized passively or actively with anticardiolipin antibodies and acquire the syndrome, which is characterized by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin ti...

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is essential for the development, maturation, and function of NK and NKT cells, which are critical components of the innate immune defense against viral infections. We recently showed that mice lacking IL-15 and/or NK/NKT cells are significantly more susceptible to intravaginal (IVAG) herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection than control mice. For this study, we exam...

China is entering rapid industrialization and urbanization since 1990’s with the urban land use payment reform. Nevertheless, higher rate of industrial in construction driving by local government-led double growth competition fuels global biggest manufacturing giant second largest economy on one hand, waste water, liquid green house gas emission from development has become more serious other wh...

Petrophysical evaluation of petroleum reservoirs is one of the most challenging tasks for hydrocarbon reserve determination. One critical petrophysical parameter is the water saturation which is normally calculated from Archie’s equation. Carbonate reservoirs, however, due to their complex mineralogy are not good candidates for Archie’s equation because Archie’s parameters are strongly dependen...

The role of lymphoid dendritic cells (DCs) in the development of an allogeneic cytotoxic reaction in vitro was examined. The T+B and T cell subsets originating from the spleens or lymph nodes of normal and Listeria innocua-infected BALB/c mice were used as the effector cells. Their cytotoxicity to 51Cr-labeled C3H fibroblasts was determined after removal of DCs and replacing them again. Moreove...

It is not known whether acute brain injury results in a systemic acute phase response (APR) or whether an APR influences outcome after an insult to the CNS. The present study sought to establish whether brain injury elicits a systemic or local APR. The expression of acute phase protein (APP) mRNA in liver and brain tissues was measured by Taqman reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction a...

Background: Psoriasis is a common systemic inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis closely related to metabolism and immunity. Macrophages are the main sources of IL-23 TNF-a in innate immune, which play an important role initiation development psoriasis become new focus this field. However, it remains be explored how macrophage plasticity mediates immune response its regulatory mechanism. Obje...