Many MPLS implementations have supported multipath techniques, and many MPLS deployments have used multipath techniques, particularly in very high-bandwidth applications, such as provider IP/MPLS core networks. MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) has strongly discouraged the use of multipath techniques. Some degradation of MPLS-TP Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) performance canno...

This document provides a security framework for the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP). MPLS-TP extends MPLS technologies and introduces new Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) capabilities, a transport-oriented path protection mechanism, and strong emphasis on static provisioning supported by network management systems. This document addresses the security aspects relevant in the c...

The goal of this paper is to address why MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is necessary, limitations of ATM, how MPLS performs fast routing, the architecture of MPLS, the protocols used in MPLS, how MPLS will support multiple Quality of Services, the applications of MPLS.

This paper proposes an integrated traffic engineering and management system for DiffServ-over-MPLS services in Next Generation Internet (NGI). Using the proposed traffic engineering functions for DiffServover-MPLS network, the Internet service provider (ISP) can easily configure Diffserv-over-MPLS traffic flows among customer’s distributed sites, and can provide guaranteed end-to-end QoS by con...

With increasing popularity and ever emerging business needs there was an immense focus to improve the Internet world and to provide guarantee for service delivery. Simplest example for this case is VoIP where two subscribers make a voice call through MPLS based backbone. The end subscribers should have similar quality as that of POTS. Subscribers will expect a real time conversation with limite...

Magnetic poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/lipid nanoparticles (MPLs) were fabricated from PLGA, L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-amino (polyethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG-NH2), and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), and then conjugated to trans-activating transcriptor (TAT) peptide. The TAT-MPLs were designed to target the brain by magnetic gui...

Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an innovative and vibrant technology. The most famous applications of MPLS technology are MPLS VPN, MPLT Traffic engineering and MPLS QoS and Any Transport over MPLS (AToM). This study addressed only MPLS Traffic engineering, which is one of the driving factors of deploying MPLS in service provider networks. This research consists of two main sections; i...

Recently MPLS is used for building up VPNs in IP backbone, called MPLS VPNs. In this paper, we discuss issues on finding routes with QoS requirements (i.e., QoS routing) in MPLS VPNs. We first present background on MPLS VPNs as well as QoS routing. Then we discuss both the benefits and problems resulted from introducing QoS routing into MPLS VPNs. We particularly present an architecture of MPLS...