zinc is one of the elements necessary for growth and health in human. some evidences indicate that the zinc deficiency is one of real difficulties for the public health in developed and developing countries. since the pregnant women are more at risk by the zinc deficiency, and this can cause many problems, in this study we tried to find out the rate of zinc deficiency in pregnant women within t...

background: vitamin d deficiency during pregnancy is associated with some adverse pregnancy outcomes but its relationship with fetal growth is unknown. objective: we compared the 25-hydroxy vitamin d levels between mothers and their small for gestational age (sga) newborns with mothers and their appropriate for gestational age (aga) newborns. materials and methods: the study population included...

OBJECTIVES This report presents trends in the mean age of mothers giving birth for the United States for the last three decades. Data are presented by live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and State of residence of the mother. METHODS Descriptive tabulations and graphs of the trends in the mean age of mother are discussed. RESULTS The mean age of mother has increased steadily in the Unit...

AIM Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a nonconventional low-cost method of newborn care. Our aim was to assess the effect of sustained KMC on the growth and development of low birthweight Indian babies up to the age of 12 months. METHODS We enrolled 500 mother and baby pairs, in groups of five, in a parallel group controlled clinical trial. The three infants with the lowest birthweight in each gr...

BACKGROUND Parental obesity is a known determinant of childhood obesity. Previous research has shown a strong maternal influence on body mass index (BMI) during infancy and early childhood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to investigate the BMI associations between mother and offspring from birth to age 18 years. METHODS Participants were selected from the Fels Longitudinal Stud...

abstractbackground: macrosomia is a term applied to newborns with a birth weight of 4000 gr or above. perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in fetal macrosomia. clavicular fracture, injury to brachial plexus, and hypoglycemia are important side effects. mother’s age, body mass index of mother, weight gain in pregnancy, mother’s height, diabetes, history of macrocosmic delivery, gestati...

1920x1200 abstract: background: down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality due to 21 trisomy that usually is accompany with congenital heart diseases. about fifty present of children with down syndrome have heart defects. this study was designed for the aim of abundance percents of septal heart defects in children with down syndrome at imam reza and imam ali hospitals in kermansha...

Effects of age and stand density of mother tree on seed germination, seedling biomass allocation, and seedling growth of Pinus thunbergii were studied. The results showed that age of mother tree did not have significant influences on seed germination, but it was significant on seedling biomass allocation and growth. Seedlings from the minimum and maximum age of mother tree had higher leaf mass ...