background and objectives: previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. the present research showed the morphine antinociception in female wistar rats using formalin test. materials and methods: subjects were 40 female wistar rats purchased from pasteur institute of ira...

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. The present research showed the morphine antinociception in female Wistar rats using formalin test. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 40 female Wistar rats purchased from Pasteur Institute of Ir...

It has been reported that morphine tolerance does not develop in the presence of chronic pain. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out whether chronic inflammatory pain is able to eliminate or attenuate the developed tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine and also to investigate the role of lumbar spinal cord as a candidate site for this interaction. Tolerance was induced in adult ma...

in this study, the effects of acute and chronic lithium on nociception induced by formalin and its interactions with morphine-induced analgesia were studied in mice. formalin test was selected to study nociception. subcutaneous injection of different doses of morphine (1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg) induced analgesia in a dose dependent manner in both phases of the formalin test. intraperitoneal administr...

the amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. the amygdala, particularly the central nucleus, has high concentrations of enkephalins relative to dynorphins and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. we here studied the role of central nuclei of amygdala in morphine antinociception. methods: in this study, we used 130 male wistar rats (200- 250g). bil...

this study investigates the effectiveness of the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac, an nsaid, on the nociceptive behavior of morphine-treated rats on formalin test.rats were treated with morphine-containing drinking water for twenty one days, which induced morphine dependence. the antinociceptive effects of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg doses of diclofenac were then evaluated and compared with distil...

abstractprevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (cnf) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. in the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the cnf on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection ...

The amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. The amygdala, particularly the central nucleus, has high concentrations of enkephalins relative to dynorphins and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. We here studied the role of central nuclei of amygdala in morphine antinociception. Methods: In this study, we used 130 male Wistar rats (200- 250g). Bil...

BACKGROUND The amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. The amygdala, particularly the central nucleus, has high concentrations of enkephalins relative to dynorphins and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. We here studied the role of central nuclei of amygdala in morphine antinociception. METHODS In this study, we used 130 male Wistar rats (200...

The interactions between the cannabinoid and opioid systems for pain modulation are reciprocal. However, the role and the importance of the cannabinoid system in the antinociceptive effects of opioids remain uncertain. We studied these interactions with the goal of highlighting the involvement of the cannabinoid system in morphine-induced analgesia. In both phases of the formalin test, intra pa...