Molar pregnancies can be subdivided into complete (CM) and partial moles (PM) based on genetic and histopathological features. Complete moles are diploid and androgenic in origin, with no evidence of fetal tissue. Complete moles usually (75–80%) arise as a consequence of duplication of a single sperm following fertilisation of an ‘empty’ ovum. Some complete moles (20–25%) can arise after disper...

A Rich variety of anatomical and physiological specializations has enabled members of the family Talpidae (moles, shrew moles, and desmans) to exploit a diverse range of habitats: terrestrial, semi-aquatic, aquatic/fossorial, semi-fossorial, and fossorial. While numerous morphological and biochemical studies pertaining to the origin and radiation of the Talpidae have been completed, phylogeneti...