background : cockroaches are of vital importance medically and hygienically. they are able to contaminate foods and act as vectors of pathogenic agents such as bacteria, protozoa, and parasites to human environment either mechanically or through their digestive system. cockroaches belong to the phylum arthropoda, class insecta, and order blattodea or blattaria. to date, over 4,500 cockroach spe...

background: caddisflies have significant roles in freshwater ecosystems. morphological identification is the major impediment in accurate species identification of hydropsychids. mitochondrial and nuclear markers are suitable for molecular systematics of these group of arthropods. methods: trichopteran specimens of lavasan district in northeastern tehran, iran were collected in 2012, and de­scr...

In his commentary on the state of systematics today, Crisci (2006) adds his perspectives to a series of such commentaries published in the pages of Systematic Botany (e.g., Kruckeberg 1997; Lammers 1999; Landrum 2001). He associates the rise of molecular biology with the decline in conventional plant taxonomy and makes a number of assertions about cause and effect in systematics in particular a...

This collection of articles provides an account of six presentations delivered at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology(WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, from 10 to 14 August 2003) in a symposium session on Molecular Systematics and Diagnosis, organised and chaired by R.B. Gasser and D.S. Zarlenga. The focus was on r...

Based on the Randic suggestion of the resolution of a structure into shape, size, and function an index representing structure-catabolic fate relationships of amino acids is constructed. The index obtained by multiplying three factors; (nb2 + nr), nc and M; representing shape, size and function respectively, where nb2 = number of double bonds, nr = number of rings, nc = number of carbon atoms, ...

Pythium is a fungus-like genus with worldwide distribution that is found in most terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It is a species-rich genus contains important plant pathogenic species. Little is known on the systematics of Pythium in West Azarbaijan province (N.W. Iran). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify 200 isolates collected from different cultivated soils of West Azarbaijan pro...

based on the randic suggestion of the resolution of a structure into shape, size, and function an index representing structure-catabolic fate relationships of amino acids is constructed. the index obtained by multiplying three factors; (nb2 + nr), nc and m; representing shape, size and function respectively, where nb2 = number of double bonds, nr = number of rings, nc = number of carbon atoms, ...

In the historical context of plant systematics over the last 50 years, systematics is examined in terms of where it is now, where it is headed, where it should be, and how it should get there. Issues and concerns of the past decades are still with us today. Molecular systematics has become the over-arching field in systematics, but each of eight other areas (genome, chromosomes, morphology and ...