p a twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole with a coexistent foetus (chmf) is a rare condition that typically results in poor pregnancy outcomes. for patients with refractory vaginal bleeding, termination of pregnancy is more appropriate. however, unified methods for termination remain to be explored. in the present study, we reviewed the termination measures in four cases of twin pre...

early recognition of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (gtn) will maximize the chances of cure with chemotherapy but some patients present with many different symptoms months or even years after the causative pregnancy making diagnosis difficult. clinicians should be aware of the possibility of gtn in any reproductive age woman with bizarre central nervous system, gastrointestinal, pulmonary s...

tubal ectopic hydatidiform mole is an uncommon but very important complication of pregnancy. the clinical manifestation is the same as ectopic pregnancy and in all of the cases management was the same as tubal ectopic pregnancy. we present a case of tubal ectopic pregnancy that after laparotomy and salpingectomy, pathologic examination reported hydatidiform mole within ectopic gestational tissu...

conclusions our histochemical findings showed a relatively heavy glycosylation of syncytiotrophoblasts of both partial and complete molar tissues, which was prominent in apical portion. this may play a role in their capacity to increase trophoblastic proliferation. results the partial and complete moles generally showed similar reactivity with all used lectins. none of lectins reacted with vill...

background: the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic disease (gtd) is not clearly known. objective: in this study, immunoexpression of proteins bcl-2 and beclin-1 in trophoblastic lesions and normal trophoblastic tissue was conducted to study the mechanism of apoptotic and autophagic cell death that is expected to complete the study of gtd pathogenesis. materials and methods: bcl-2 and bec...

the result of the 6 years study of patients with hydatiform mole (hm) and its malignant degeneration in isfahan are presented. the over all frequency is estimated to be one hm in 440 child births. this frequency has remained relatively unchanged through out the study. increased consumption of meet did not seem to lower the frequency of hydatiform mole in our study. the over all frequency of mal...

BACKGROUND African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) exhibit a wide range of social structures, from solitary to eusocial. We previously found a lack of sex differences in the external genitalia and morphology of the perineal muscles associated with the phallus in the eusocial naked mole-rat. This was quite surprising, as the external genitalia and perineal muscles are sexually dimorphic in al...