fibers of poplar wood (populus nigra l.) were prepared and oven dried. afterwards, they were acetylated with acetic anhydride without a catalyst. acetylation was carried out for different durations at 120ºc. different weight percentage gains (wpgs) were achieved based on the operating conditions. acetylated fibers were exposed to varying levels of relative humidity to determine equilibrium mois...

wood vinegar is the aqueous phase of the liquid produced during the slow pyrolysis of wood.it has the potential to be used as a pesticide against various weeds, insects and molluscs. due to divergentfeedstocks, pyrolysis processes and storing conditions, the chemical composition of wood vinegar variesbetween producers and time. the aim of our current study was to use the copse snail arianta arb...

Essential oil of Citrus family plant is known to have repellent effect against mosquito. Unfortunately, due to its high volatility effect, its repellency effect was compromised. The incorporation of essential oil in a microencapsulation formulation has been shown to help improve the stability and potency of the repellent. In this study, Citrus grandis peel oil (CGPO) was encapsulated by using t...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Many essential oils have been reported as natural sources of insect repellents; however, due to high volatility, they present low repellent effect. Formulation technique by using microencapsulation enables to control the volatility of essential oil and thereby extends the duration of repellency. In this study, the effectiveness of microencapsulated essential oils of Alpi...

Essential oil of Citrus family plant is known to have repellent effect against mosquito. Unfortunately, due to its high volatility effect, its repellency effect was compromised. The incorporation of essential oil in a microencapsulation formulation has been shown to help improve the stability and potency of the repellent. In this study, Citrus grandis peel oil (CGPO) was encapsulated by using t...

This study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis) essential oils on two species of flies (Haemotobia irritans and Chrysomya megacephala). For the in vitro studies, free-living adult flies were captured and reared in the laboratory. To verify the repellency effect, an apparatus was constructed where H. irritans and C. megaceph...

The repellent efficacy of 15% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), 0.6% citronella oil, and 0.3% alpha-cyano-cypermethrin against Culicoides species was compared in three 5x5 Latin squares (15 replicates) under South African field conditions. DEET, citronella oil or alpha-cyano-cypermethrin were applied to polyester meshes that were fitted to down-draught suction 220V UV light traps which were...

Three new flavanols, 5-p-hydroxybenzoxy-7-hydroxyl-8-ethoxycarbonyl-( - )-afzelechin (1), 5-p-hydroxybenzoxy-7-(2, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzoxy)-8-ethoxycarbonyl-( - )-afzelechin (2), and 5-p-hydroxybenzoxy-7-(2, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzoxy)-8-methoxycarbonyl-( - )-afzelechin (3), were isolated from Daphne giraldii Nitsche and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially by 2D-NMR...