background: patients with malignant obstruction of the biliary tract suffer from progressive jaundice and purities, and if the obstruction is not relieved they will die from cholangitis, septicaemia or liver failure. the correct choice between many operative and non-operative procedures available to relive jaundice is not yet determined. unresectable disease (perihilar cholangiocarcinoma) found...

Monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) is the process of delivering photo energy to the layers of the skin via light emitting diodes placed externally on the skin. This energy stimulates the microcirculation in the tissues to increase blood flow and to release free radical nitric oxide, which helps to form cell receptors for growth factors and angiogenesis, and augments collagen formation in heal...

While hearing protection devices (HPD) have been the last and often only line of defense against noise-induced hearing loss in the workplace, their performance has been suspect. Laboratory evaluations have not proven to predict the actual performance of HPD in the field. Individual fit testing of HPD will allow the determination of HPD performance on individual workers, and this will improve th...

The relationship between alder (Alnus japonica) distribution and surrounding land use in Kushiro Mire was spatially assessed using remotely sensed imagery. From the result, it was found out that the expanding area of alder trees in Kushiro Mire was affected by the agricultural land area in the upper course of the river basin and flooding in the lower course of the river. The soil sediments flow...

background:  despite the introduction of different techniques for meniscal repair, no single procedure is superior in all situations. the new method for meniscal repair named “ modified outside-in technique ” aims to achieve higher primary fixation strength by an alternative suture technique as well as avoid disadvantages of outside-in, inside-out, and all-inside suture procedures. additionally...

The vegetation pattern of Borland Mire, a 250 ha lowland raised mire near Monowai, in the rainshadow of the Fiordland mountains, is described using several numerical analyses of quadrat data collected at regular intervals along parallel transects across 430 m of a typical segment. A weak zonation pattern of both flora and vegetation is revealed amolng the 24 vascular species and the more abunda...

BACKGROUND Monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) or phototherapy has been used to improve plantar sensitivity and pain in lower limbs of patients with diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN), but the available primary results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To review systematically the effects of MIRE on plantar sensitivity and neuropathic pain in patients with DSPN. METHODS Medline, ...

Objective. To determine whether the vasodilatation effect of monochromatic infrared photo energy (MIRE) had the potential for the treatment of myofascial trigger spot (MTrS) in rabbits. Design. A randomized-controlled animal study. Subjects. Twelve adult New Zealand rabbits. Methods. For each rabbit, a MTrS (equivalent to a myofascial trigger point in humans) in one side of the biceps femoris m...

This study examined the effect of monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) on diabetic wound healing. Fifteen diabetic rats were given MIRE intervention on their skin wounds located on the dorsum and compared with 15 control diabetic rats. Assessments were conducted for each group at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post wounding (five rats at each time point) by calculating the percentage of wound closures (WCs) ...