edited by José Ferreirós and Jeremy Gray Oxford University Press, 2006, 442 pp. $ 69.50 US, ISBN 0198567936 REVIEWED BY ANDREW ARANA This collection of essays explores what makes modern mathematics ‘modern’, where ‘modern mathematics’ is understood as the mathematics done in the West from roughly 1800 to 1970. This is not the trivial matter of exploring what makes recent mathematics recent. The...

extended abstract 1. introduction modernism is among the most important cultural, political, economic and social issues of our time, the most important constituent of which is change. thus, it is quite natural that this concept confronts that of tradition, whose essence is intertwined with stagnation. tradition has been used in three senses: 1) what is called islamic and shite tradition? (sunna...

persian poetry has always confronted great changes in different periods of classicism, modernism and postmodernism. these changes have generally occurred in two areas of form and content. the writers of the present article have tried to settle the issue that if they can find a philosophical basis for the in persian poetry changes apart from historical events and geographical areas or no.

In this research, a scientific look has been given to one of new Kurdish literary (Jalal mirza karim). Efforts have made show the poet's relationship with politics, culture, poetry and modernism. But so far no research conducted on his position productions in modern poetry. This was at time when he leaders free literature 1970s perspective movement poetry, study according method analysis. The i...