we solve the coupled mode equations governing the chalcogenide nonlinear fiber bragg gratings (fbgs) numerically, and obtain the bistability characteristics. the characteristics of the chalcogenide nonlinear fbgs such as: switching threshold intensity, bistability interval, on-off switching ratio are studied. the effects of fbg length and its third order nonlinear refractive index on fbg charac...

In many control applications, a speciic set of output tracking controllers of satisfactory performance have already been designed and must be used. When such a collection of control modes is available, an important problem is to be able to accomplish a variety of high level tasks by appropriately switching between the low-level control modes. In this paper, we deene a concept of control modes, ...

conclusions switching ams off may increase biventricular pacing in some patients. case presentation in this case series, we present a combination of far field sensing and automatic mode switching (ams) in six patients. it is found that this combination causes ventricular sensing (vs) episodes with wide qrs and no synchronization. we turn off the ams and alleviate the problem. introduction cardi...

based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. however, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. to resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...

This paper proposes a new sliding mode control (SMC)  based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for sensorless indirect field oriented control (IFOC) of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM). The operation of MRAS speed estimators dramatically depends on adaptation mechanism. Fixed-gain PI controller is conventionally used for this purpose which may fail to estimate the speed correctl...

We solve the coupled mode equations governing the chalcogenide nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) numerically, and obtain the bistability characteristics. The characteristics of the chalcogenide nonlinear FBGs such as: switching threshold intensity, bistability interval and on-off switching ratio are studied. The effects of FBG length and its third order nonlinear refractive index on FBG cha...

Two phenomena can produce chattering: switching of input control signal and the large amplitude of this switching (switching gain). To remove the switching of input control signal, dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) is used. In DSMC switching is removed due to the integrator which is placed before the plant. However, in DSMC the augmented system (system plus the integrator) is one dimension bi...

We propose and demonstrate space-selective switch functions employing orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in the space domain for switching network. One is the switching among different OAM modes having different spatial phase structures, called OAM mode switching. The other is the switching among different space locations, called space switching. The switching operation mechanism relies on li...

Photovoltaic systems integrated to the grid have received considerable attention around the world. They can be connected to the electrical grid via galvanic isolation (transformer) or without it (transformerless). Despite making galvanic isolation, low frequency transformer increases size, cost and losses. On the other hand, transformerless PV systems increase the leakage current (common-mode c...