Survival of plants and nearly all organisms depends on the pterin based molybdenum cofactor (Moco) as well as its effective biosynthesis and insertion into apo-enzymes. To this end, both the central Moco biosynthesis enzymes are characterized and the conserved four-step reaction pathway for Moco biosynthesis is well-understood. However, protection mechanisms to prevent degradation during biosyn...

We have identified a highly conserved RNA motif located upstream of genes encoding molybdate transporters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis enzymes, and proteins that utilize Moco as a coenzyme. Bioinformatics searches have identified 176 representatives in gamma-Proteobacteria, delta-Proteobacteria, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus species and DNAs from environmental samp...

The transition element molybdenum needs to be complexed by a special cofactor to gain catalytic activity. Molybdenum is bound to a unique pterin, thus forming the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which, in different variants, is the active compound at the catalytic site of all molybdenum-containing enzymes in nature, except bacterial molybdenum nitrogenase. The biosynthesis of Moco involves the comp...

In a multi-objective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problem, multiple objectives must be optimized simultaneously. In past years, several constraint-based algorithms have been proposed for finding Pareto-optimal solutions to MOCO problems that rely on repeated calls to a constraint solver. Understanding the properties of these algorithms and analyzing their performance is an important proble...

Introduction: Motion compensation (MoCo) is one of the key steps to gather well-focused images for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). For SAR systems operating at low frequencies, e.g. the VHF/ UHF band, wide-beam processing is needed in MoCo to deal with the angular dependent motion error. Therefore, a sub-aperture MoCo algorithm was proposed [1] to compensate for the motion error across...

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a highly conserved pterin compound complexing molybdenum, is required for the enzymatic activities of all molybdenum enzymes except nitrogenase. Moco is synthesized by a unique and evolutionarily old pathway that requires the activities of at least six gene products. Some of the proteins involved in bacterial, plant, and invertebrate Moco biosynthesis show striki...

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a highly conserved pterin compound coordinating molybdenum (Mo), is required for the enzymatic activities of molybdoenzymes. In all organisms studied so far Moco is synthesized by a unique and evolutionary old multistep pathway that requires the activities of at least six gene products. In eukaryotes, the last step of Moco synthesis, i.e., transfer and insertion ...

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a prosthetic group required by a number of enzymes, such as nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. Its biosynthesis in eukaryotes can be divided into four steps, of which the last three are proposed to occur in the cytosol. Here, we report that the mitochondrial ABC transporter ATM3, previously implicated in the matura...

BACKGROUND Routine clinical use of novel free-breathing, motion-corrected, averaged late-gadolinium-enhancement (moco-LGE) cardiovascular MR may have advantages over conventional breath-held LGE (bh-LGE), especially in vulnerable patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In 390 consecutive patients, we collected bh-LGE and moco-LGE with identical image matrix parameters. In 41 patients, bh-LGE was abando...

Most mycobacterial species possess a full complement of genes for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo). However, a distinguishing feature of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is their possession of multiple homologs associated with the first two steps of the MoCo biosynthetic pathway. A mutant of M. tuberculosis lacking the moaA1-moaD1 gene cluster and a derivative in ...