herbivory is observed in different forms, one of these forms leading to gall production. among gall–inducing insects, oak gall wasps (hymenoptera: cynipidae) are found on the oak trees producing galls on certain parts of the host. in this survey, oak gall wasps were collected from oak forests in west azerbaijan in spring (2010). the occurred galls on oak trees (in spring) were collected from su...

The Mirabad protected area (S. Azarbaijan, Iran) has a variety of ecological nurseries due to elevation of the sea, physiographic factors, micro-climates and soil types, and has high vegetation diversity. Mirabad protected area in the Piranshahr-Sardasht axis is between the latitudes of 36° 23' and 36° 31' north, and the lengths 45° 15' and 45° 25', with an area of ​​11435 ha, in the elevation ...

Loranthus europaeus is one of the major plant parasites threatening fragile ecosystems oak forests in western Iran. The mistletoe a hemi-parasite which grows on forest species, especially oaks. Carbon isotope composition (?13C) has been central to understand behaviour mistletoes field. This study investigated C and N compositions leaves L. its host oaks (Quercus libani, Q. infectoria brantii) g...