The effects of lumbar intrathecal (i.t.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) midazolam on nociception during isoflurane anaesthesia were studied in rats using the tail-flick test. Rats received i.t. midazolam 2 and 4 microg or i.c.v. midazolam 4 and 8 microg during 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3% isoflurane or without isoflurane. Neither i.t. nor i.c.v. midazolam alone at doses studied influenced nociceptiv...

We studied the interaction of azole antimycotics with intravenous (IV) and oral midazolam using a cross-over design in 12 volunteers, who ingested placebo, itraconazole, or fluconazole for 6 days. A 7.5-mg dose of midazolam was ingested on the first day, 0.05 mg/kg was administered IV on the fourth day, and 7.5 mg orally on the sixth day. Itraconazole reduced the clearance of IV midazolam by 69...

objecive prolonged and uncontrolled refractory status epilepticus (se) is a life-threatening medical emergency in children (1,2,3). there is no consensus on the optimal therapy for refractory status epilepticus (1). the aim of this study was to develop a new method for treating patients with refractory status epilepticus. materials & methods ten children with refractory status epilepticus in mo...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine and midazolam on preventing the development of morphine tolerance and dependence and withdrawal syndrome in mice. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.), morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.) + ketamine (25, 50, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) , morphine (50 mg/kg , s.c.) + midazolam (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) , mor...

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset of action and short duration of effect. In healthy neonates the half-life (t 1/2) and the clearance (Cl) are 3.3-fold longer and 3.7-fold smaller, respectively, than in adults. The volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.1 L/kg both in neonates and adults. Midazolam is hydroxylated by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5; the activities of these enzymes surge in the liver i...

Background Self-extubation is a problem in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and can be harmful for children. Level of sedation is a determining factor for self-extubation. The aim of this study was to compare thr rate of self-extubation and duration of ventilation following different sedative modalities. Materials and Methods This prospective and randomized study was done in Mofid Children ...

Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used in anesthesia. Despite its widespread clinical use, detailed information about cardiac side effects of midazolam is largely lacking. Using the double-electrode voltage clamp technique, we studied pharmacological effects of midazolam on heterologously expressed Kv1.5 channels underlying atrial repolarizing current I(Kur). Midazolam d...

The 30-minute ratio of 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam plasma concentrations has been used as a measure of midazolam clearance in liver transplant patients. This study determined if a single concentration of 1'-hydroxymidazolam or the ratio of 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam could be used to predict midazolam clearance in healthy subjects. Plasma midazolam and 1'-hydroxymidazolam concentrations fro...

introduction: both midazolam and promethazine are recommended to be used as sedatives in many studies but each have some side effects that limits their use. combination therapy as an alternative method, may decreases these limitations. therefore, this study aimed to compare midazolam with midazolam-promethazine regarding induction, maintenance, and recovery characteristics following pediatric p...

Midazolam is almost exclusively metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes. Therefore, midazolam is used as a probe to determine CYP3A levels in humans and rats. A prerequisite for longitudinal determination of CYP3A expression levels using midazolam as a probe is that midazolam itself has no effect on the expression of CYP3A. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA levels and enzy...