this essay evaluates the major methodological trends in research at the iranian academic educational journals based on scott’s methodological criticism. therefore, the present study sought to examine a small part of iranian educational research in the context of scott's taxonomy, including nine major fallacies: epistemic, homogeneity, causal, essentialist, value free knowledge, prospective, red...

Seven myths with cognitive and methodological background are analysed for validity. Although, there is always a grain of truth in bibliometrics myths too, the generality of their statements is disproved on the bases of methodological studies and by referring to typical counterexamples. It is shown how and where the logical fallacy lies in the inference from the reality behind the myths leading ...

In judging posterior probabilities, people often answer with the inverse conditional probability--a tendency named the inverse fallacy. Participants (N = 45) were given a series of probability problems that entailed estimating both p(H / D) and p(approximately H / D). The findings revealed that deviations of participants' estimates from Bayesian calculations and from the additivity principle co...

Recent work questions whether previously reported unconscious perceptual effects are genuinely unconscious, or due to weak conscious perception. Some philosophers and psychologists react by rejecting perception holding that it has been overestimated. I argue the most significant attack on commits criterion content fallacy: fallacy of interpreting evidence observers were something as they task-r...

Ecological studies, which consider patient groups rather than individuals, are common in health policy research. The ‘ecological fallacy’ is a well-recognised methodological concern, but in this perspectives paper, we focus on less often appreciated but equally important limitations of such studies. In particular, we consider reliability and power as they apply to ecological studies, and make r...

An argumentation profile is defined as a methodological instrument for analyzing argumentative discourse considering distinct and interrelated dimensions: the types of argument used, their quality, emotions triggered. Walton’s theoretical contributions are developed coherent analytical multifaceted toolbox capturing these aspects. Argumentation schemes used to detect quantify argument. Fallacy ...

In this paper, I propose an accurate description of the cognitive process involved in the one-sidedness fallacy, a widespread type of fallacy. I describe first several characterizations of the one-sidedness fallacy, that are either inductive or deductive, or occurring at a meta-philosophical level. I recall, second, the framework of the cognitive distortions described in Franceschi (2007). I gi...

M arxists have seldom been noted for much economic sophistication in their critique of the capitalist market economy. Marxist reasoning was essentially easy game for Mises ([I9201 1990) in his classic initiation of what came later to be called "the socialist calculation debate." However, later market socialist contributions to this debate were for a long time believed to have provided the defin...