prediction of supersolubility and the width of the metastable zone has been a major concern among the workers in the field of industrial crystallization. operation of crystallizers under the optimum supersaturation low enough to attain the desired product quality (median particle size, crystal size distribution (csd), shape, purity) being one motif. the inherent relationship between the subject...

Cholesterol crystallization in bile is affected by phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) hydrophobicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PtdCho species modulate the metastable-labile limit and equilibrium solubility of cholesterol in the micellar phase of bile, thereby altering the distribution of cholesterol to biliary lipid carriers and thus influencing cholesterol crystallizatio...

Earth's deepest earthquakes occur as a population in subducting or previously subducted lithosphere at depths ranging from about 325 to 690 km. This depth interval closely brackets the mantle transition zone, characterized by rapid seismic velocity increases resulting from the transformation of upper mantle minerals to higher-pressure phases. Deep earthquakes thus provide the primary direct evi...

Prediction of supersolubility and the width of the metastable zone has been a major concern among the workers in the field of industrial crystallization. Operation of crystallizers under the optimum supersaturation low enough to attain the desired product quality (Median Particle Size, Crystal Size Distribution (CSD), Shape, Purity) being one motif. The inherent relationship between the sub...

We have produced and observed metastable solid helium-4 below its melting pressure between 1.1 K and 1.4 K. This is achieved by an intense pressure wave carefully focused inside a crystal of known orientation. An accurate density map of the focal zone is provided by an optical interferometric technique. Depending on the sample, minimum density achieved at focus corresponds to pressures between ...

Laterally resolved metastable impact electron spectroscopy is based on the energy analysis of electrons originating from collisions of metastable He* (2S) atoms with the surface, and can be used for probing the spatial distribution of surface species, i.e. for chemically resolved surface microscopy ðMIEEM 1⁄4 metastable impact electron emission microscopyÞ. We report upon first MIEEM results on...

Introduction Polymorphism is a phenomenon related to the crystallized solid state which is problematic for many industries. A successful industrial crystallization typically requires the development of a robust process in the laboratory including the knowledge of the solubility curve and the stability of the solution in the vicinity of the equilibrium point, as indicated by the metastable zone ...

Deep earthquakes have been a paradox since their discovery in the 1920s. The combined increase of pressure and temperature with depth precludes brittle failure or frictional sliding beyond a few tens of kilometers, yet earthquakes occur continually in subduction zones to approximately 700 km. The expected healing effects of pressure and temperature and growing amounts of seismic and experimenta...

Normally, the phase diagram is reported as a property of the binary mixture. We show that the phase diagram (that is, the zones of thermodynamic stability of the states of the binary mixture) is also affected by the size of the container. We investigate the thermodynamic stability of the binary mixture in a closed cavity, and identify the zone in parameters where the binary mixture is heterogen...