this review reports recent advances in metallic nanostructures based electrochemical sensors. interesting aspects of nps include size and shape-dependent interatomic bond distances, melting points, chemical reactivity, and optical and electronic properties. the small size of metallic nanostructures has allowed nanoscale electrochemical processes to be probed. electrochemical characteristics can...

The main objective of this paper is to provoke and stimulate debate on the health effects of long-term, low-level exposure of human populations to toxic metals. Over one billion (10(9)) human guinea pigs are now being exposed to elevated levels of toxic metals and metalloids in the environment. The number of persons suffering from subclinical metal poisoning is believed to be several million. A...

A spot that flickers at 16 Hz between two luminance levels (on a grey surround) has an appearance of metallic lustre, which we call 'monocular lustre'. Binocular and monocular lustre were measured in comparable conditions by a rating procedure, and both were reported only when the light and dark values of the flickering (or binocularly fused) spot straddled the surround luminance, so that the s...

A positive response from a metal detector when run over an area of the body is a strong positive indicator of the presence of a metallic object. If there is a possibility of a buried metallic foreign body this positive finding should not be ignored.

The term "contact aging" refers to the temporal evolution of the interface between a slider and a substrate usually resulting in increasing friction with time. Current phenomenological models for multiasperity contacts anticipate that such aging is not only the driving force behind the transition from static to sliding friction, but at the same time influences the general dynamics of the slidin...

The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. We give an example of a geometry in which the electrostatic force between a point charge and a neutral metallic object is repulsive. The example consists of a point charge centered above a thin metallic hemisphere, positioned concave up. We show that this geometry has a repulsi...

‘In some of my tests I have noticed the effects and deflection of these waves by metallic objects miles away. It seems to me that it should be possible to design apparatus by means of which a ship could radiate or project a divergent beam of these rays in any desired direction, which rays, if coming across a metallic object, such as another steamer or ship, would be reflected back to a receiver...

In this article various pipes used for transporting of gas are introduced and pros and cons of each one are elucidated. The pipes are categorized in three different subgroups including metallic, polymeric and metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes. Metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes are nominated as the best option for usage in high pressure pipelines transporting natural gas. As a resu...

microwave energy has potential for the efficient heating of minerals. minerals or materials, which couple to microwave energy are called dielectrics and many valuable minerals are found to be dielectric. the mineral ilmenite is one which shows good dielectric heating characteristics. in this paper, the effect of microwave heat energy on the partial reduction of oxidized ilmenite oxidized in ...