Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women light restrictions imposed by Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study with total 167 patients (post-menopausal :133, pre-menopausal: 24) who were divided into two groups according to age.Result: There significant negative links between serum T4 hormone levels and each calcium ...

background and aim: menopause refers to the cessation of menstruation due to hormonal changes and ovarian inactivity in women. these changes in hormone levels lead to various health consequences. this period of physiological changes usually starts in women with 40-50 years of age, and is characterized by the reduction of estrogen level. the mortality rate of premenopausal women, due to cardiova...

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the prevalent diseases post-Menopausal women. Hence to evaluate severity osteoporosis serum calcium, ALP and urinary hydroxyproline used as bone resorption marker.Method: 30 post-menopausal women with were compared healthy pre-menopausal 25-40 years Random Blood sample collected from venipuncture centrifuged get serum. Fasting Urine was 1.2 drops 6 N HCI added...

background: osteoporosis is a chronic disease that contributes substantially to decrease physical activity and decline in the quality of life. osteoporosis can be diagnosed easily with the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) equipment. the aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude of bone loss on proximal femur and lumbar spine ls in pre- and post-menopausal women from isfaha...

BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of hypertension is higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women, little is known about changes in blood pressure (BP) during the menopausal transition. We evaluated BP according to the menopausal transition and associated factors in healthy Korean women. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2037 women aged 44 to 56 years who presented at...

Introduction: Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as per vagina occurring after 1 year of amenorrhoea in a menopausal woman who not receiving hormonal therapy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the difference between pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer regarding menstrual and reproductive risk factors METHODS The case-control study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore, between October 2008 and April 2009. Cases were breast cancer patients admitted in the surgical and oncology floors of the hospital. Controls were hospital patients without breast cancer. Th...

BACKGROUND Climateric is considered to be a natural phase of life which by definition is the period of life starting from decline in ovarian activity until after the end of ovarian function. It is accompanied by various health consequences that include the changes in saliva too. This study was carried out to evaluate the salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity in pre-menopausal, post-menopau...

Essential hypertension affects 75% of post-menopausal women in the United States causing greater cardiovascular complications compared with age-matched men and pre-menopausal women. Hormone replacement and current anti-hypertensive therapies do not correct this post-menopausal increased risk suggesting a distinct pathogenic framework. We investigated the hypothesis that distinct genetic determi...