The US lung allocation policy estimates each individual's urgency and transplant benefit in defining a lung allocation score (LAS). Transplant benefit, as defined by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Thoracic Committee, is the days of life gained over the following year if transplanted versus not transplanted. Urgency is measured by days of life during the next year without tran...

Agglomeration spill-over benefits are a major driver of policy creating industrial and science parks across the world. However, agglomeration benefits can be offset by competition arising out of the spatial proximity of firms. In this paper we examine the impact of agglomeration and selection on Taiwanese firms' total factor productivity (TFP) distribution and show that agglomeration causes the...

the political and social revolutions during recent years have made rapid changes in urban and rural life. these have created inequality in the distribution of resources and lack of congruent development among cities and rural migration in third world countries. herein, there are various techniques for assessing the rate of development in different regions one of which is analytical hierarchy me...

  Editorial Challenges abound as to the journals in Persian, which here I will refer to some of them. However, many of these challenges are concerned with all journals. The main problem which most articles suffer is neglecting the three elements of articles' necessity, purpose and benefit by their writers. Sometimes, one, two or all three of these elements are neglected, or little attention ...