This paper presents the Monte Carlo simulation of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning technique using MCNPX code. The raw data generated by general MCNPX code contain a lot of unnecessary information for the image reconstruction process. This requires a large memory to store all this information. In order to reduce the needed memory, we introduce some modifications on the MCNPX code...

Experimental investigation requires materials, radiation sources, and test arrangements with a high monetary financial plan. Furthermore, exposure involves people during the experiment. On contrary, simulation technique for examining interactions is radio-logically safer, less timeconsuming, cost-effective, applicable all desired sources. Through 48.86 mCi 662 keV Caesium-137 gamma-ray source; ...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

Secondary radiation in aircraft and spacecraft includes deuterons, tritons and helions. Two sets of fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients for isotropic exposure to these particles were compared: one used the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) radiation transport code coupled with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference phantoms (PHI...

The Monte Carlo code MCNPX has been utilized to calculate the effective delayed neutron fraction and reactivity by using the area-ratio method. The effective delayed neutron fraction eff has been calculated with the fission probability method proposed by Meulekamp and van der Marck. MCNPX was used to calculate separately the fission probability of the delayed and the prompt neutrons by using th...

introduction one of the important applications of nuclear physics in medicine is the use of radioactive elements as radiopharmaceuticals. metastatic bone disease is the most common form of malignant bone tumors. samarium-153-ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (153sm-edtmp) as a radiopharmaceutical is used for pain palliation. this radiopharmaceutical usually emits beta particles, which...

This study explores how the metal materials of the applicator influence the dose distribution when performing brachytherapy for cervical cancer. A pinpoint ionization chamber, Monte Carlo code MCNPX, and treatment planning system are used to evaluate the dose distribution for a single Ir-192 source positioned in the tandem and ovoid. For dose distribution in water with the presence of the tande...

Assessment of secondary particles in breast proton therapy by Monte Carlo simulation code using MCNPX