The removal efficiency of 22 selected trace organic contaminants by sequential application of granular activated carbon (GAC) and simultaneous application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared in this study. Both sequential application of GAC following MBR treatment (MBR-GAC) and simultaneous application of PAC within MBR (PAC-MBR) achieved improved remo...

The mutagenicity of DNA double-strand break repair in Escherichia coli is controlled by DNA-damage (SOS) and general (RpoS) stress responses, which let error-prone DNA polymerases participate, potentially accelerating evolution during stress. Either base substitutions and indels or genome rearrangements result. Here we discovered that most small basic proteins that compact the genome, nucleoid-...

We have combined a turbulent jet flow ozone contactor (TJC) with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to establish a zero-discharge system in terms of excess sludge in the MBR. The TJC-MBR system was compared with the conventional MBR (Control-MBR) with respect to i) the size and zeta potential of the sludge particles, ii) the loosely bound extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and tightly bound EP...

the properties of excess sludge wasted from two parallel pilot plants membrane bioreactor (mb-mbr and conventional mbr) have been monitored. sludge samples of mb-mbr and mbr have been examined and compared in terms of vss/tss, filtration index, eps and smp concentration, nitrogen and phosphorous in dry matter, fi, svi and polyelectrolyte requirement for sludge conditioning. by keeping similar o...

We present Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding over translation lattices that compactly encode a huge number of translation hypotheses. We describe conditions on the loss function that will enable efficient implementation of MBR decoders on lattices. We introduce an approximation to the BLEU score (Papineni et al., 2001) that satisfies these conditions. The MBR decoding under this approximate BLE...

UNLABELLED Nicorandil, a hybrid adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel opener and nitrate, is commonly used for the management of acute ischemic heart failure (AIHF). The aims of this study were to predict the effect of nicorandil by calculating myocardium-to-background ratio increasing rate (MBR-IR) using nicorandil stress myocardial perfusion SPECT and to evaluate the progno...

When a multidimensional index is used for similar sequence matching, the traditional approach is to transform high-dimensional window sequences to low-dimensional sequences and bounding them into a low-dimensional minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). In this paper, we propose a new approach which constructs a low-dimensional MBR by directly transforming a high-dimensional MBR (calledMBR-transforma...

Extensive research has focussed on the development of novel high retention membrane bioreactor (HR-MBR) systems for wastewater reclamation in recent years. HR-MBR integrates high rejection membrane separation with conventional biological treatment in a single step. High rejection membrane separation processes currently used in HR-MBR applications include nanofiltration, forward osmosis, and mem...

We present minimum Bayes-risk system combination, a method that integrates consensus decoding and system combination into a unified multi-system minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) technique. Unlike other MBR methods that re-rank translations of a single SMT system, MBR system combination uses the MBR decision rule and a linear combination of the component systems’ probability distributions to search for ...

The development and application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for fullscale municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment. The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes microporous membranes for solid/liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers. It represents a decisive step forward conc...